Interpersonal Communication
Introduction and Theoretical Background
•The Study of Communication is an ancient art and science
•Common Names: Rhetoric, Oratory, Speech, Communication
•This course focuses on a contextual study of communication
called interpersonal.
•Interpersonal Communication focuses on the experience that
occurs with two participants called a dyad.
•Its unique material was developed primarily from the 1960s.
*maybe because of the hippies
How would you define communication?
How would you define the study of communication?
Communication is a word that you hear people using all the time.
And yet, there is much misunderstanding surrounding the concept.
Some things we know:
1. We need to communication to live. (Burke)
2. There are several models that depict perspectives about
how people view communication.
Linear View
Interactive View
Transactional View
3. There are several misconceptions. (Adler and Towne)
4. Communication can be impersonal or personal.
Some things we know about communication
continued:
5. There are different types of messages.
Content and Relational
Metacommunication
Relational Messages
6. Communication effectiveness can be learned.
What do you think makes some people more effective
than others?
A Closer Look at the Models
•
The Linear Model—click here to see model
•
The Interaction Model—click here and then on the words
“Interaction Model” to see the model
•
The Transactional Model—click here and then on the words
“Transactional Model” to see the model
“put the word ‘self’ in the place of source/receiver”
*The remainder of the course looks at the components of this model, for
example: self, perception, messages, contexts, etc.
Now a Case Study to test our understanding and awareness of the
complexity of human communication and the transactional model:
•
Key words for analysis: Source, Message, Channel, Receiver,
Noise, Nonverbal, Meaning, Feedback.
•
The Case of Date Rape—click the following link
http://www.msubillings.edu/commtheatre/ddg/COMT
110/Dating(ARV).pdf for an newspaper article on date rape
Applying the Transactional Model
Noise:
Psychological &
Physical
The Context
Message
Channel
Self
Self
There are three message codes in every message:
1.
A verbal message—the words
2.
A nonverbal message—bodily movements/gestures
3.
Paralanguage message—tone of voice
Noise:
Psychological &
Physical
Applying the Transactional Model
Graphing the Three Message Codes
How can we know for sure what someone “means”?
%= part played in determining what some one else mean
Words
Verbal Messages= 7%
What does she mean? Is that a
“yes” or “no”?
Gestures
Nonverbal Messages=55%
What does she mean? Is that a
“yes” or “no”?
Tone
Paralanguage=38%
What does she mean? Is that a
“yes” or “no”?
Applying the Transactional Model
Graphing the Three Message Codes
How can we know for sure what someone “means”?
%= part played in determining what some one else mean
Words
Gestures
Tone
Verbal Messages= 7%
Nonverbal Messages=55%
Paralanguage=38%
Examples of verbal message code:
“He’s a hunk.”
“She’s really hot.”
“Great shirt!”
“Great legs.”
“Fine car.”
“We love the same music.”
Examples of nonverbal message code:
“candy apple red vet”
“dancing”
“alcohol”
“Music”
“the bar”
“speed”
Examples of nonverbal message code:
“laughingly”
“joyously”
“sighing”
Any others?
Any others?
Any others?
No!?
Pushing?
Leaving?
?
What does she mean? Is that a
“yes” or “no”?
What does she mean? Is that a
“yes” or “no”?
What does she mean? Is that a
“yes” or “no”?
Applying the Transactional Model
Graphing the Three Message Codes
How can we know for sure what someone “means”?
%= part played in determining what some one else mean
Words
Gestures
Tone
Verbal Messages= 7%
Nonverbal Messages=55%
Paralanguage=38%
Examples of verbal message code:
“He’s a hunk.”
“She’s really hot.”
“Great shirt!”
“Great legs.”
“Fine car.”
“We love the same music.”
Examples of nonverbal message code:
“candy apple red vet”
“dancing”
“alcohol”
“Music”
“the bar”
“speed”
Examples of nonverbal message code:
“laughingly”
“joyously”
“sighing”
Any others?
Any others?
Any others?
No!?
Pushing?
Leaving?
?
What does she mean? Is that a
“yes” or “no”?
What does she mean? Is that a
“yes” or “no”?
What does she mean? Is that a
“yes” or “no”?
Yes 95% of the time.
Yes 95% of the time.
Yes 95% of the time.
Can We Know for Sure What Someone Else Means?
How?
Is meaning only probable?
What about a negotiated meaning?