Freddalicia Escobar
Kevin Fuentes
Jun Ha
1769-1824

In the beginning of the New world, women
were a major contribution to the evolution of
man.

In the ancient world women role was to farm
and gather basic supplies for the family.

Women were healers, Merchants, mid-wives,
weavers, farmers, and child developer.
In the beginning
economy was based
on agriculture.

Women gained a high
ranking status by
having many children
having a comfortable
home, and raising crops
SHE WAS ACCUSED OF BEING
VEIN, FICKLE, PREJUDICED, AND
MISERLY, SHE PROVED TO BE AN
UNUSUALLY SUCCESSFUL RULER.
QUEEN ELIZABETH I
1500-1603
PILGRIM WOMEN
ANNE HUTCHINSON
EDUCATION WAS MAINLY
ONLY FOR MALES.
WOMEN WERE EXPECTED TO BE
EDUCATED IN HOUSE HOLD JOBS.
ABIGAIL ADAMS WAS THE
WIFE OF JOHN ADAMS.
FIRST LADY OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA.
LEWIS AND CLARK
EXPEDITION
RACHAEL JACKSON
MUM BETTS (ELIZABETH
THE FIRST SLAVE TO
FREEMAN)
SUCCESSFULLY SUE FOR HER
FREEDOM, ENCOURAGING
MASSACHUSETTS TO ABOLISH
SLAVERY.
SOJOURNER TURNER
1790-1890

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In the process of working out the
economy, women were also involved
in the mechanism of factory and
production.
Farm women and girls played an
important role in the preindustrial
economy, spinning yarn, waving
clothes, and making products such as
candles, soap, butter, and cheese.
They're known as "Factory Girls".
However, jobs for women were
extremely unusual and their
opportunities to self-support
themselves economically consisted
mainly of nursing, domestic service,
and teaching, which was considered
the most "feminized" occupation.
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
By 1850, about twenty percent of
all women had been employed
before marriage.
The majority of women working
were single and once they got
married they'd leave their paying
jobs and work in their homes as
wives and mothers. This is known
as the "cult of domesticity.”
Changes during the nineteenth
century involving women were
important and came to be known
as "women's sphere", since women
were now getting married
according to their own choices and
not because of parental
arrangements.

The influence of women involving their family became even more
important in the course of the nineteenth century, as they could
now decide if they wanted to have fewer children. This is known
as "domestic feminism" because it signified the power and
independence of women.


Women were often looked down upon because of their low
education, not counting with the belief that women's place was at
home, while education was only a waste of time.
In the 1820s, schools at a secondary level for women began to be
recognized thanks to Emma Willard.

Regarding those who
suffered from so-called
insanity and were still
treated with cruelty,
Dorothea Dix, a physically
frail woman with persistent
lung trouble who possessed
infinite compassion and
willpower, worked with
persistence in order to
improve the treatments of
those who were mentally-ill.
Her petition of 1843 to the
Massachusetts legislature
had a powerful impact as the
conditions and treatments
were improved.


Regarding Woman's
Suffrage, in the beginning of
the nineteenth century,
women were not considered
equal to men in any single
way. Gender differences
were strongly emphasized,
this was mainly reflected in
the economy since women
and men were separated into
different economic roles.
Female reformers, most of
them white, gathered their
strength and demanded
rights for women, joined in
reform movements of the
age, fighting for temperance
and abolition of slavery.


Women's rights movement
was led by Lucretia Mott,
Elizabeth Candy Stanton and
Susan B. Anthony, who soon
became a conspicuous
advocate of female rights.
All feminists met at Seneca
Falls, New York, in a
memorable women's rights
convention in 1848. Stanton
read a "Declaration of
Sentiments.”
Elizabeth Candy Stanton & Susan B. Anthony


Black abolitionists distinguished themselves as living
monuments to the cause of African American freedom.
Among them was Sojourner Truth, a freed black
woman in New York who fought persistently for black
emancipation and women's rights.
The most amazing conductor of the underground
railroad was a runaway slave from Maryland, the
fearless Harriet Tubman. She rescued more than three
hundred staves, including her aged parents, and
earned the title "Moses."
SOJOURNER TRUTH
HARRIET TUBMAN

During the slavery
conflict between the
North and the South,
Harriet Beecher Stowe,
a wisp woman and the
mother of half-dozen
children, published her
heartrending novel
Uncle Tom's Cabin, and
she was determined to
awaken the North to the
wickedness of slavery
by laying bare its
inhumanity and the
splitting of the families.


During the civil war, women
were able to help as well. The
conflict opened new
opportunities for women since
men had to leave and join the
army, women would often take
their jobs.
Other women decided to join
the fight and approximately
four hundred women
accompanied their husbands to
the battle by posing as male
soldiers. Other women took on
dangerous spy missions.


Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell is
among the most important
women at that time since she
was the first female physician
and helped to organize the U.S
military commission to assist
the Union armies in the fields.
Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix
played an important role as well
offering their services to nurse
the union army.
ELIZABETH BLACKWELL
CLARA BARTON

The passage of the three
Reconstruction Era
Amendments, Thirteenth,
Fourteenth, and Fifteenth,
disappointed advocates of
Women Rights, since
women had played an
important role in the
prewar abolitionist
movements and often
pointed out that women
and blacks lacked of basic
civil rights. In the eyes of
most women, the struggle
for black’s freedom and
the crusade for women's
rights was the same.

After the war ended and
with the ratification of the
thirteenth amendment
women believed it was
now their time to ask for
changes; however, they
were shocked with the
wording of the Fourteenth
amendment in which the
word "male" was inserted
into the constitution by
the very first time, and it
referred to a citizen's right
to vote.

For middle-class women careers meant delayed marriages
and smaller families, but most women had to work not for
independence or glamour, but out of economic necessity.
They worked for long hours and faced the same economic
conditions as men, but earned less than them since wages
for "women jobs" were usually set below those for men's.

As the protests and racism
toward the new
immigrants arose,
Christian socialists
preached in order to stop
the racism and protest
toward the new
immigrants. One middleclass woman who was
dedicated to help and
motivate the urban masses
was Jane Addams, who
was among the first
generation of collegeeducated women.


Addams founded the Hull
House in 1889, offering
instruction in English,
counseling to help
newcomers with the skills
required to live in the city,
and child-care for
working mothers.
The Hull House served as
an Illinois antisweat-shop
law that protected women
workers and prohibited
child labor, and were led
by Florence Kelley.
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
Emily Dickinson is among the most gifted lyric poets.
She did not emerge until 1886, which is about the time
of her death. Once she died most of her poems were
discovered. She wrote over a thousand short lyrics on
scraps of paper, while only two were published during
her lifetime.
Another recognized writer among the feminist authors
was Kate Chopin. She mainly wrote about adultery,
suicide, and women's ambitions. Her works were
ignored at her times, but she was soon rediscovered by
later reader.
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The new urban environment
was hard on families as they
were often separated and forced
to work. This led to changes in
work habits and in family size.
Women were growing more
independent in the urban
environment, especially with
the voices of feminists such as
Charlotte Perkins, Catharine
Beecher and Harriet Beecher,
and classic feminist literature.

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Feminists were still demanding
their rights to vote since before
the Civil War, which led the
National American Woman
Suffrage Association. Among its
founders were Elizabeth Candy
Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.
Women were permitted to vote
in local elections, often related
to the schools, in the Wyoming
Territory, granting the first
unrestricted suffrage to women
in 1869. After this in 1890, many
states followed Wyoming's
example and passed laws that
permitted wives to own or
control their property after
marriage.
1901-1980
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Women proved to be a key
factor to the progressive era.
Settlement house
movements opened up
paths to public life to
women.
Women were exposed to
public conflicts in cities like
poverty, political corruption,
and horrible working and
living conditions.


Women like Florence Kelley
spoke up of the unsanitary
environment in factories and
Kelley eventually became the
first state of Illinois’s chief
factory inspector and
continued to advocate for
better factory conditions.
The catastrophic Triangle
Shirtwaist Company fire in
1911 killed 146 workers who
consisted mostly of young
immigrant women who
jumped out of nine story
high buildings or were
burned to death.
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Women also heeded the call for war(World War I)
as they saw it as an opportunity as thousands of
female workers took over factories and fields that
men left to go to war. However, this war actually
led to the feminist movement splitting in half.
Many progressive-era women who were led by
Alice Paul, opposed the idea of going to war, while
the other half, represented by the National
American Women Suffrage Association, supported
the war.
Those who supported the war, endorsed it because
if America would win the fight for democracy
abroad, the women have another shot winning
their own democracy at home.
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Women in the 1920’s sought for opportunities in
cities, but they also organized together in lowwage jobs as well.
Margaret Sanger organized birth control
movement, who publicly supported the use of
contraceptives.
Alice Paul also led the National Woman’s Party in
1923 to campaigned for the Equal Rights
Amendment to the constitution.
Women who call themselves “flappers” with bob
hair cuts and much more revealing clothes,
symbolized women’s desire for independence and
equality.


Just ten years after the passage of
the 19th amendment, women sought
to expand themselves into the
nation’s politics and educations.
The First Lady during the president
of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eleanor
Roosevelt, was one of the most
revered and visible women during
that time. However there were other
women who had great influences as
well such as Secretary of Labor,
Frances Perkins who became the
first woman as a cabinet member,
and Mary McLeod Bethune who
was the director of the Office of
Minority Affairs in the National
Youth Administrations as the
highest African American woman in
the Roosevelt administration.


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Women also made
important contributions in
the fields of Social Science,
especially anthropology.
Ruth Benedict developed
the, “Culture and
Personality movement”.
Pearl S. Buck introduced
American readers the life
of Chinese peasantry as a
novelist; her best-selling
novel The Good Earth
earned her a nobel prize
of literature in1938 as the
third American to receive
it.
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Roughly 216,000 women were employed in World
War II for noncombat purposes.
Best known women in arms were WAAC(army),
WAVES(Navy), and SPAR(Coast Guard).
Women were also used in propagandas to
persuade and encourage men to fight for the war.
Also, the postwar period witnessed the expansion
of women’s opportunities in employment, but also
a boom in population and mothering.
VICTORY
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In the 1960’s women revived their feminist
vitality and momentum.
American women won legislative and
judicial victories that provoked rethinking of
the gender roles.
In 1972, the congress passed the title IX of
the education amendments which prohibited
sex discrimination is any public educational
programs or activities that are supported
federally.
The Equal Rights Amendment was
approved by the congress in 1972 which
declared “Equality of the rights under the
law shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any state on account of
sex.”
In Roe vs. Wade, the court struck down laws
prohibiting abortions argued that a woman’s
decision to end her pregnancy was protected
by the right of the privacy which was
constitutional.
DEFEAT
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Women’s judicial and legislative
victories were rather short-lived
however.
The feminist movement soon
faced defeat as they were three
states short from Equal Rights
Amendment being officially
passing.
It was due to Anti-feminist
campaigns to stop ERA from
passing.
The Anti-feminist appealed to
their audiences by claiming that
due to feminist movements,
divorce rate have been tripled
since from 1960 to 1976.
Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and
Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant. Boston:
Charles Hartford, 2006. Print.
 "Women's Rights." ushistory.org. Independence
Hall Association, 2014. Web. 18 Apr. 2014.
<http://www.ushistory.org/us/26c.asp>.

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
History. 2010. A+E Networks. 19 April 2014
http://www.history.com/topics/1960s
"Women's History in America." WIC. Compton's
NewMedia, Inc., 1995. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
<http://www.wic.org/misc/history.htm>.