FTCE Chemistry SAE
Preparation Course
Session 1
Lisa Baig
Instructor
Session Norms
• Respect
– No side bars
– Work on assigned materials only
– Keep phones on vibrate
– If a call must be taken, please leave the
room to do so
Course Outline
Session 1
Review Pre Test
Competencies 1 & 2
Session 2
Competency 5
Session 3
Competency 3
Session 4
Competency 4
Session 5
Competencies 6, 7 and 8
Post Test
Required Materials
• Scientific Calculator
• 5 Steps to a 5: AP Chemistry
– Langley, Richard, & Moore, John. (2010).
5 steps to a 5: AP chemistry, 2010-2011
edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill
Professional.
• Paper for notes
• State Study Guide
Chemistry Competencies
1. Knowledge of the nature of matter (11%)
2. Knowledge of energy and its interaction with
matter (14%)
3. Knowledge of bonding and molecular structure
(20%)
4. Knowledge of chemical reactions and
stoichiometry (24%)
5. Knowledge of atomic theory and structure (9%)
6. Knowledge of the nature of science (13%)
7. Knowledge of measurement (5%)
8. Knowledge of appropriate laboratory use and
procedure (4%)
Pre-Test
• Your homework coming into this
session was to complete the pre-test
and bring in to this session.
• We will now go over your test
answers.
• You will receive a listing of
competencies covered by each
question, to better review the
information you need further
assistance in
Pre-Test Review
Break Time
Take a
10 minute
break!
Chemistry Competencies
1. Knowledge of the nature of matter (11%)
2. Knowledge of energy and its interaction
with matter (14%)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Knowledge of bonding and molecular structure (20%)
Knowledge of chemical reactions and stoichiometry (24%)
Knowledge of atomic theory and structure (9%)
Knowledge of the nature of science (13%)
Knowledge of measurement (5%)
Knowledge of appropriate laboratory use and procedure
(4%)
Knowledge of the
Nature of Matter
Differentiate between pure substances, homogeneous
mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures
Knowledge of the
Nature of Matter
Determine the effects of changes in
temperature, volume, pressure or quantity
on an ideal gas
(Work with the various gas laws and their constants.)
P1V1=P2V2
P1V1 = P2V2
T1
T2
P1 = P2
V1 = V2
T1 T2
T1 T2
PV= nRT Values for R are given
on your reference sheet
Knowledge of the
Nature of Matter
Apply units of mass, volume and
moles to determine concentrations
and dilutions of solutions.
Molarity (M) = moles/Liter
Molality (m) = moles/kilogram
How many liters of solution are
needed to make a 0.200M solution
with 36.7g of Calcium chloride?
How many liters of solution are needed to
make a 0.200M solution with 36.7g of
Calcium chloride?
Molarity = moles/Liter
36.7g CaCl2
= 0.331 moles CaCl2
110.984 g/mol
0.331 moles CaCl2
0.200 M solution
= 1.65 L of solution
Knowledge of the
Nature of Matter
Analyze the effects of physical
conditions on solubility and the
dissolving process
How do changes in the following
affect solubility?
pressure
heat
agitation
Knowledge of the
Nature of Matter
Evaluate problems relating colligative
properties, molar mass and solution
process
Pactual = POXsolvent
If 18g of Sucrose (C12H22O11) are used
in a 250mL cup of coffee. (80oC),
What is the vapor pressure of the
sugared coffee?
• How many moles of Sucrose? (C12H22O11)
– Molar mass = 342 g/mol
– Moles = 0.105 mol
• 1 mL = 1g of water, so 250g of water
– 13.89 mol H2O
13.89 mol H2O
=X
13.89 mol H2O+ 0.105 mol C12H22O11
X = 0.992
• Vapor pressure of water at 80oC = 355.1
(reference sheet)
• P = (355.1)(0.992)
• P = 352 mmHg
Knowledge of the
Nature of Matter
• Analyze the effects of forces between
chemical species on properties (eg, melting
point, boiling point, vapor pressure,
solubility, conductivity of matter)
– ie- boiling point elevation, freezing point
depression
DT =kbm
DTt = -kf moles solute
kg solvent
Practice problem
What is the Freezing Point Depression if
2.84 moles of a solute are added to
0.687 kg of benzene?
Normal F.P = 5.48oC
Kf = 5.12 DTt = -kf moles solute
kg solvent
DTt = -5.12(2.84/.687)
DTt = -21.16
5.48oC -21.16oC=-15.68oC
Knowledge of the
Nature of Matter
• Solve problems involving an intensive
property of matter
– Density
– Specific Heat
D = m/V
Cp= . Q .
m*DT
Practice problem
What is the energy absorbed by an
8.32g sample of Gold that goes from
37oC to 100oC? (Specific Heat of Gold
= 0.129)
Cp= . Q .
m*DT
0.129 = Q/(8.32•63)
0.129•8.32•63=Q
67.6J=Q
Knowledge of the
Nature of Matter
• Differentiate physical methods for
separating the components of
mixtures
– Chromatography
• Combined liquids
– Extraction
• Combined liquids
– Filtration
• Solids within liquids
Break Time
Take a
10 minute
break!
Knowledge of Energy and its
Interaction with Matter
• Distinguish between different forms
of energy
– Thermal
– Electrical
– Nuclear
– Mechanical
– Potential
– Kinetic
Knowledge of Energy and its
Interaction with Matter
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
1) Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles
that are far apart relative to their size
2) Collisions between gas particles and between
particles and container walls are elastic
collisions
3) Gas particles are in continuous, rapid random
motion. They therefore possess kinetic energy,
which is energy of motion
4) There are no forces of attraction between gas
particles
5) The temperature of a gas depends on the
average kinetic energy of the particles of the
gas EK= ½ mv2
Phase Diagram
Points on Diagram
A = Triple Point
B = Normal Melting Point
C = Normal Vaporization Point
D = Critical Pressure Boiling Point
E = Critical Point
Knowledge of Energy and its
Interaction with Matter
Wood, A. (2006, May). CO2 info. Retrieved from
http://www.teamonslaught.fsnet.co.uk/co2_info.htm
As substance is heated, temperatures
do NOT rise when it reaches a
melting/boiling point. Temperatures
remain constant until all matter
reaches next state!
Knowledge of Energy and its
Interaction with Matter
Calculate the enthalpy change for:
C (s) + 2H2 (g)  CH4 (g)
Given the following equations:
Equation
DH
C + O2  CO2
H2 + 1 / 2 O 2  H2 O
CH4 + 2 O2  CO2 + 2 H2O
-393.5
-285.8
-890.3
We want C (s) + 2H2 (g)  CH4 (g), so:
C + O2  CO2
-393.5
CO2 + 2 H2O  CH4 + 2 O2
+890.3
2(H2 + ½ O2  H2O)
2(-285.8)
-74.8
Knowledge of Energy and its
Interaction with Matter
• Predicting Entropy changes
• Look at States of Matter
– Solids- LOW entropy
– Liquids- Medium entropy
– Gases- HIGH entropy
• Look at compounds-vs-elements
– The more items in combination, the
more entropy
Knowledge of Energy and its
Interaction with Matter
DH
DS
DG
Spontaneous?
-
+
-
Yes
-
-
+
+
+
-
@ low
temps
@ high
temps
+
Yes
@ low temps
Yes
@ high temps
No
Knowledge of Energy and its
Interaction with Matter
DGo=DHo-TDSo
Temperature must be in KELVINS!!!
DHo• + = endothermic
• - = exothermic
Knowledge of Energy and its
Interaction with Matter
• Relate regions of the electromagnetic spectrum
to the energy, wavelength and frequency of
photons
E=hxv
E = Energy of Quantum
h = 6.626 x 10-34 J•s (Planck’s Constant)
v = frequency of the wave
C=lxv
C = Speed of Light
3 x 108 m/s
l = wavelength
v= frequency
Homework
• Diagnostic Exam in your AP chem
Prep book- Page 17-26
• Only answer the questions for these
Chapters & Questions
– Ch 8 #21, 22
– Ch 9 #25, 28, 29, 30
– Ch 12 #55
– Ch 13 #60