King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
Mechanical Engineering Department
ME 205 – 01&02 : MATERIALS SCIENCE
Fall Semester 2006-2007 (061)
Instructor: Mr. Muhammad Younas
Office: 22-206
Phone: 3049
Office Hours: SMW ( 9:00-9:50 AM ) & UT ( 11:00-11:50 AM )
E-mail: myounasa@kfupm.edu.sa
Textbook
Callister, W.D., Materials Science and Engineering
6th Ed., 2003
Lecture Schedule
Lecture #
Lecture Topic
Section#
1
Classification of Materials, Materials of Future
1.4, 1.6
2
The Periodic Table, Bonding Forces and Energies.
2.4,2.5
3
Primary and Secondary Bonds.
2.6, 2.7
4
Crystal Structures, Unit Cells.
3.2,3.3
5
Metallic Crystal Structures, Density Computation.
3.4,3.5
6
Polymorphism, Crystal systems, Point coordinates
3.6,3.7, 3.8
7
Crystallographic Directions, Crystallographic Planes.
3.9, 3.10
8
Linear and Planar Atomic Densities.
3.11
9
Closed Packed Crystal Structures, Single Crystals, Polycrystalline Materials, Anisotropy.
3.12, 3.13, 3.14,3.15
10
Imperfection in Solids, Point Defects, Vacancies and Self-interstitials, Impurities in Solids.
Specification of composition
4.2, 4.3, 4.4
11
Dislocations-Linear Defects, Interfacial Defects (external surface & grain boundaries only).
4.5, 4.6
EXAM 1: Sunday October 29, 2006 @ 7:00 – 9:00 PM
12
Diffusion, Introduction, Diffusion Mechanisms.
5.1,5.2
13
Steady-State Diffusion.
5.3
14
Non-Steady State Diffusion. Factors that influence Diffusion.
5.4, 5.5
15
Mechanical Properties of Metals, Elastic Deformation, Concepts of Stress and Strain.
6.2
16
Stress-Strain Behavior, Elastic Properties of Materials.
6.3, 6.5
17
Plastic Deformation, Tensile Properties.
6.6
18
Tensile Properties
6.6
19
True Stress-True Strain, Elastic Recovery During Plastic Deformation.
6.7, 6.8
20
Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms, Basic concepts, Characteristics of Dislocations.
7.2, 7.3
21
Slip Systems.
7.4
22
Slip in Single Crystals, Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Materials.
7.5, 7.6
Lecture #
Lecture Topic
Section#
23
Strengthening by Grain Size Reduction, Solid Solution Strengthening, Strain
Hardening.
7.8, 7.9, 7.10
24
Recovery, Recrystallization and Grain growth.
7.11, 7.12, 7.13
EXAM 2 November 29, 2006 @ 5:30 – 7:30 PM
25
Phase Diagram, Solubility Limit, Phases, Microstructure, Phase Equilibria.
9.1, 9.2, 9.3,
9.4, 9.5
26
Binary Iso-morphous System
9.6,9.7
27
Interpretation of Phase diagram
9.7, 9.8
28
Binary Eutectic Phase Diagrams, Development of Microstructure in Eutectic
Alloys
9.10, 9.11
29
Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram, Development of Microstructure in in IronCarbon Alloys, The influence of other alloying elements
9.17, 9.18, 9.18
30
Review class
Final Exam
Grading Policy
1) Home works : 05%
2) Quizzes
: 10%
3) Lab. Work
: 15%
4) Exam # 1
: 15%
5) Exam # 2
: 20%
6) Final Exam
: 35%
CLASS ATTENDANCE
Attendance in the class will be strictly observed starting
first day of classes. IN CASE OF AN UNEXCUSED
ABSENCE, 0.5 POINT WILL BE DEDUCTED FROM
FINAL GRADE. A DN grade will be immediately reported
for SIX (6) unexcused absences. A DN grade will be
immediately reported if both unexcused and excused
absences reach TEN (10) absences.
Materials Science and Engineering
 Material
Science
Involves investigating the relationships
that exist between the structures and
properties of materials.
 Materials
Engineering
On the basis of structure-property
correlations, involves designing or
engineering the structure of a material to
produce a predetermined set of properties.
Materials Science and Engineering (Contd.)
The structure of a material usually relates to the
arrangement of its internal components.
Subatomic structure involves electrons within the
individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei.
On an atomic level, structure encompasses the
organization of atoms or molecules relative to one
another.
Microscopic structure contains large groups of atoms
that are normally agglomerated together and subject
to direct observation using some type of microscope.
Macroscopic structure meaning structural
elements that may be viewed with naked eye.
Materials Science and Engineering
(Contd.)


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude
of response to a specified imposed stimulus. It is independent of
shape and size.
Six categories of material properties:
Mechanical properties relate deformation to an applied load or
force; examples include elastic modulus and strength.
For electrical properties, such as electrical conductivity and
dielectric constant, the stimulus is an electric field.
The thermal behavior can be represented in terms of heat
capacity and thermal conductivity.
Magnetic properties demonstrate the response of a material to
the application of a magnetic field.
For optical properties, the stimulus is electromagnetic or light
radiation; index of refraction and reflectivity are representative
optical properties.
Deteriorative characteristics indicate the chemical reactivity of
materials.
Materials Science and Engineering
(Contd.)

Four components involved in the science and
engineering of materials, and their interrelationship:
Processing ===> Structure ===> Properties ===> Performance
CLASSIFICATION OF
MATERIALS
Major Classes Of Materials
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
• 6.
METALS
CERAMICS
POLYMERS
COMPOSITES
ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
BIO MATERIALS
BASIS OF MATERIAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
 Chemical
Makeup
 Atomic Bonding
 Atomic Arrangement
 Characteristic Physical Properties
 Characteristic Mechanical Properties
METALS
 Distinguishing
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Features
Atoms arranged in a regular repeating
manner.
Relatively High Strength.
High Density.
Ductile.
Excellent conductors of Electricity and
Heat.
Opaque to visible light.
Shiny appearance.
APPLICATIONS OF METALS









Electrical wiring
Buildings, Structures, Bridges etc.
Automobiles: body, chassis, engine block,
springs, etc.
Air planes: engines, fuselage (airplane body),
landing gears, etc.
Trains: rails, engines, body, wheels
Machines
Machine tools: drills, hammers, saw blades,
nuts, bolts, etc.
Industrial Plant components, structures
Magnets
METALLIC MATERIAL
EXAMPLES
 Pure
Metals

Cu, Fe, Zn, Al, Ag, Au, Cr, Ni, Sn, etc
Alloys
Steel, Brass, Stainless Steels, etc.
CERAMICS
 Distinguishing Features
Most have a regular arrangement of
atoms (except glasses)
Compounds of Metallic and NonMetallic elements
Density lower than Metals
Stronger than Metals
Low resistance to Fracture
Brittle (low ductility)
High Melting Points
Poor Conductors of Electricity and
Heat

APPLICATIONS OF CERAMICS
 Electrical
Insulators
 Thermal Insulations and Coatings
 Abrasives
 Glasses (windows, TV screens, Optical
fibers
 Cement, Concrete
 Ceramic tiles for space shuttles
 Furnace Lining bricks
CERAMIC MATERIAL EXAMPLES
 Diamond,
Graphite
 Glasses
 Building
Materials
 Oxides (SiO2, Al2O3)
 Carbide Tools (WC, TiC)
POLYMERS
 Distinguishing






Feature
Composed Primarily of C and H
(hydrocarbons)
Low Melting Points
Some partly crystalline, Most are not
Most are poor conductors of Electricity and
Heat
Many have high plasticity
Some are transparent, most are opaque
APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS






Adhesives and Glues
Plastic products (plastic pipes, bottles,
house hold utensils, etc.)
Coatings and Paints
Solid Lubricants (Teflon)
Rubber Products (gaskets, seals, and orings)
Clothing and furniture coverings (leather,
nylon)
EXAMPLES OF POLYMER
MATERIALS
 PVC
(Poly Vinyl Chlorides)
 PE (Poly ethylene)
 PC (Poly Carbonates)
 Teflon
 Nylon
COMPOSITES
 Distinguishing

Features
Composed of Two or More Different Materials
 Strong, Light weight, Good resistance to
fracture
 High stiffness and good deformability
 Collection of good Properties of each
material used
APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITE
MATERIALS
 Aerospace,
Marine, Automotive
 Sporting Goods
 Storage Tanks (water, fuel, chemicals)
 Transport Piping (oil, seawater,
sewage)
EXAMPLES OF COMPOSITE
MATERIALS
 PMCs
(polymer matrix composites)
Fiber Glass, Concrete)
 MMCs (Metal Matrix Composites)
 CMCs (Ceramic Matrix Composites)
The bridge in the picture is built entirely from
composite material. Weighs one-tenth of the
conventional concrete bridge. It took only 18 hours to
assemble the bridge.
MATERIALS OF FUTURE
 SMART
MATERIALS
Shape Memory Alloys
 Piezoelectric ceramics
 MEMS (Micro-Electrical Mechanical Systems)
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Materials by design
Carbon Nanotubes (500 atom diameters)
