HIGHFIELD HISTORY
GCSE WORKBOOK
CONTROLLED ASSESSMENT:
Cold War Relations 1941-1965
BIG Question:
What caused the Cold War?
“Ideological implications - the kind of world-view,
the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that
would probably prevail in a state which was at
once unconquerable and in a permanent state of
"cold war" with its neighbours.”
George Orwell (1903-1950)
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
Title
I – USA and USSR:
Allies by default
II – The “Liberation”
of Eastern Europe
III – Yalta and Potsdam:
Truman and Hiroshima
IV – The start of
the Arms Race
V –Yalta and Potsdam:
What to do with Germany?
VI – Doctrine and Aid:
Dollar Imperialism
VII – The Berlin Blockade
and Berlin Airlift
VIII – NATO
OUTLINE OF LEARNING
Lesson Objectives
Explain why the Americans and Russians were
Allies
Evaluate interpretations about the reasons for
Allied victory in WW2
Homework
Source Evaluation
Explain why the USSR “liberated” Eastern Europe
Evaluate the utility of contemporary leaders'
accounts
Judge Truman’s position at Potsdam
Evaluate the utility of contemporary written
sources
Describe the conditions that made up the Nuclear
Arms Race
Utilise statistics as evidence for evaluation
Extension Task:
“The Atomic Bomb
and You”
Explain why Berlin was a cause of great tension
Extract relevant details from a text source
Explain why the USA wanted to help Europe
recover from WW2
Evaluate the reliability of political cartoons
Judge who is to blame for increasing Cold War
tension
Compare evidence to support a theory
Source Gathering
Judge the significance of ideology as a cause of the
Cold War
Select relevant sources as evidence to support an
argument
IX – What caused
the Cold War?
Judge the most significant cause of the Cold War
Use a variety of sources as supporting evidence
X – Essay Planning
Utilise complicated causation language
Create an essay plan concerning who or
what was to blame for the Cold World
2
Complete remaining
planning
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
I – USA and USSR: Allies by default
Why was this cartoon produced?
What inferences can you make about the cartoon?
What can you see in the cartoon?
SOURCE A
3
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
• Explain why the Americans and Russians were Allies
• Evaluate interpretations about the reasons for Allied victory in WW2
SOURCE B
General Werner Kreipe, a member of the Luftwaffe wrote about the Battle of
Britain after the war.
Though the air battles over England were perhaps a triumph of skill and bravery so far as the
German air crews were concerned, from the strategic point of view it was a failure and contributed
to our ultimate defeat. The decision to fight it marks a turning point in the history of the Second
World War. The German Air Force was bled almost to death, and suffered losses which could never
again be made good throughout the course of the war.
SOURCE C
George Orwell, BBC radio broadcast (19th September 1942)
September 15th 1940 is celebrated as the anniversary because on that day the Royal Air Force
shot down no less than 185 German planes, and it was about that date that the failure of the
Germans to overwhelm the British defences by daylight bombing became apparent. Now that we
can look back and see the events in better perspective it is becoming clear that the Battle of Britain
ranks in importance with Trafalgar, Salamis, the defeat of the Spanish Armada and other battles of
the past in which the invading forces of a seemingly invincible monarch or dictator have been
beaten back and which have formed a turning point in history.
4
HOMEWORK – SOURCE EVALUATION
TASK – read through the sources below and answer the questions that accompany
them
SOURCE D Extract from a letter from the Soviet ambassador in London, Ivan Maisky,
to British Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, written in 1943.
Stalingrad is Stalingrad. Stalingrad is one of the greatest landmarks in human history as an unsurpassed example of heroism and endurance, and as a turning point in the
present war.
Indeed, suppose for a moment that Stalingrad in the autumn of 1942 would have
fallen: what would have been the consequences? In this case the Germans most
probably would have been able to move north up the Volga, as Marshal Stalin
indicated in his speech on the 6th November, 1942, with the most appalling
consequences for our defence. At the same time if Stalingrad had fallen the Germans
would have moved down the Volga, swept through the Caucasus to the Caspian Sea,
occupied Baku, penetrated Iran, and moved towards the Persian Gulf and India.
Simultaneously they would have overrun the whole Middle East and established their
rule in Africa. Such would have been the vista of events that would have followed the
fall of Stalingrad.
SOURCE E An extract from a Tourist Guidebook to Normandy written by Yves
Lecouturier (a French Historian) in 1999
These 50 miles of French coastline are marked forever by these first steps towards the
liberation of Europe. The cemeteries of the Second World War bear witness to this
battle which killed 90,000 Allied and German soldiers. The landing of 6 June 1944 will
forever remain the decisive stages in the liberation of Europe and in the outcome of
the Second World War. The joy of the Normans to be delivered from the Nazi yoke was
immense. Everyone welcomed the liberators with limitless enthusiasm.
SOURCE F A Soviet (Russian) historian writing in 1968
There is no doubt that the role of the Soviet Union (the Russians) in defeating the Nazi
aggressor has not been fully recognised by the Western Allies. It was the Soviet people
who held back the Nazis in Europe for over two years while the Western Allies
deliberated and prepared for their invasion. It was the Soviet Union who bled the
Germans at Stalingrad and rolled them back towards Berlin. It was the Soviet people
who bore the brunt of suffering and sacrificed themselves against fascist tyranny. For
too long the West has basked in the glory of June 1944 and forgotten the contribution
of our fallen comrades.
5
HOMEWORK – SOURCE EVALUATION
What event does each source suggest is the reason for Allied Victory in WW2 (Stalingrad or D-Day)? (include
a quote to prove what evidence helped you to work this out). If you feel that your knowledge of WW2
needs boosting have a look on the Year 9 Wikisite to help you.
Source D suggests …
where it states “
Source E suggests…
where it states “
Source F suggests…
where it states “
Which of the sources do you think is the most reliable (believable)? You must explain your reason, don’t
forget to consider the provenance of the source (who wrote it, and what their motive might be).
Even though they all have a strong opinion, they are all useful to you as an historian, in what ways might
this be true (even if they are unreliable).
6
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
II – The “Liberation” of Eastern Europe
SOURCE G
SOURCE H
‘From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the
Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe.
Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and
the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form
or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of
control from Moscow. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of
Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking
everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case,
and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy… this is certainly not the Liberated
Europe we fought to build up. Nor is it one which contains the essentials of permanent peace.’
Winston Churchill, speaking in the USA, in the presence of President Truman, March 1946
7
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
• Explain why the USSR “liberated” Eastern Europe
• Evaluate the utility of contemporary leaders’ accounts
SOURCE I
‘The Soviet Union has lost in men several times more than Britain and the United States together. It may be
that some quarters are trying to push into oblivion these sacrifices of the Soviet people which insured the
liberation of Europe. But the Soviet Union cannot forget them. One can ask therefore, what can be
surprising in the fact that the Soviet Union, in a desire to ensure its security for the future, tries to achieve
that these countries should have governments whose relations to the Soviet Union are loyal? The growth of
the influence of communism cannot be considered accidental. The influence of the Communists grew
because during the hard years of the mastery of fascism in Europe, Communists slowed themselves to be
reliable, daring and self-sacrificing fighters against fascist regimes for the liberty of peoples.
Stalin’s reply to Chuchill’s speech, from an interview with Pravda, March 1946.
8
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
CONTROLLED ASSESSMENT PARAGRAPH PRACTICE
ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVE FOCUS - SOURCES
GRADE D – YOU MUST INCLUDE SOME INFORMATION FROM A SOURCE
GRADE C – YOU WILL BE TAKING SOURCES AT FACE VALUE(NOT QUESTIONING THEIR ACCURACY)
GRADE B – YOU WILL BE USING EXPLICIT DETAILS FROM A SOURCE AND EXPLANING WHAT IT MEANS
GRADE A – YOU WILL BE USING A RANGE OF SOURCES TO SUPPORT YOUR ARGUMENT
GRADE A* – YOU WILL BE MAKING A RIGOROUS EVALUATION OF A RANGE OF SOURCES TO SUPPORT
YOUR ARGUMENT
WHY WAS THE “LIBERATION” OF EASTERN EUROPE A CAUSE OF THE COLD WAR?
PEER ASSESSMENT – HIGHLIGHT THE GRADE ABOVE WHICH YOU THINK BEST RELATES TO THE PARAGRAPH WRITTEN HERE
STUDENT ACTION (SUGGEST HOW YOU ARE GOING TO IMPROVE THIS SKILL IN YOUR NEXT PARAGRAPH)
9
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
III – Yalta and Potsdam: Truman and Hiroshima
SOURCE J
We argued freely and frankly across the table. But at the end of every point unanimous agreement was
reached ... We know, of course, that it was Hitler’s hope and the German war lords’ hope that we would not
agree – that some slight crack might appear in this solid wall of allied unity ... But Hitler has failed. Never
before have the major allies been more closely united – not only in their war aims but also in the peace
aims.
Extract from President Roosevelt’s report to the USA on the Yalta Conference
SOURCE K
I have always worked for friendship with Russia, but like you, I feel deep anxiety because of this
misinterpretation of the Yalta decisions.
Extract from a telegram sent by Prime Minister Churchill to President Roosevelt in May 1945
10
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
• Judge Truman’s position at Potsdam
• Evaluate the utility of contemporary written sources
11
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
IV – The start of the Arms Race
• Describe the conditions that made up the Nuclear Arms Race
• Utilise statistics as evidence for evaluation
SOURCE L
The harnessing of the basic power of the universe. The force from which the sun draws its power has been
used against those who brought war to the Far East. We have spent $2,000,000,000 on the greatest gamble
in history, and we have won.
With this bomb we have now added a new and revolutionary increase in destruction to supplement the
growing power of our armed forces. In their present form these bombs are now in production and even
more powerful forms are in development.
It was in spare the Japanese people from utter destruction that the ultimatum of July 26 was issued from
Potsdam. Their leaders promptly rejected that ultimatum. If they do not now accept our terms they may
expect a rain of run from the air the like of which has never been seen on this earth. Behind this air attack
will follow sea and land forces in such numbers and power as they have not yet seen and with a fighting skill
of which they have already become well aware.
I shall recommend the Congress of the United States to consider promptly establishment of an appropriate
Commission to control the production and use of atomic power within the United States. I shall give further
consideration and make a further recommendation to Congress as to how atomic power can become a
powerful and forceful influence towards the maintenance of world peace.
President Harry S. Truman, speech (6th August, 1945)
12
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
CONTROLLED ASSESSMENT PARAGRAPH PRACTICE
ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVE FOCUS – CONTEXTUAL KNOWLEDGE
GRADE D – LITTLE SPECIFIC DETAIL OR KNOWLEDGE INCLUDED (VAGUE WAFFLING)
GRADE C – THERE IS SOME DETAIL BEING USED HERE, THOUGH IT MAY NOT BE RELEVANT
GRADE B – THERE IS SELECTED DETAIL BEING USED HERE TO BACK UP AN EXPLANATION
GRADE A – YOU ARE NOW USING RELEVANT AND ACCURATE DETAILS TO SUPPORT AN ARGUMENT
GRADE A* – YOU WILL BE INCLUDING A RANGE OF DETAILS THAT ARE RELEVANT AND ACCURATE TO
SUPPORT AN ARGUMENT
WHY WAS THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE A CAUSE OF THE COLD WAR?
PEER ASSESSMENT – HIGHLIGHT THE GRADE ABOVE WHICH YOU THINK BEST RELATES TO THE PARAGRAPH WRITTEN HERE
STUDENT ACTION (SUGGEST HOW YOU ARE GOING TO IMPROVE THIS SKILL IN YOUR NEXT PARAGRAPH – HAVE YOU
CONTINUED TO INCLUDE EVIDENCE FROM SOURCES?)
13
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
EXTENSION HOMEWORK
READ THROUGH THE ARTICLE “THE ATOMIC BOMB AND YOU” BY GEORGE ORWELL OVER THE NEXT TWO
PAGES, AS YOU READ REMEMBER THAT THIS WAS PUBLISHED SHORTLY AFTER THE ANNOUNCEMENT TO
THE PUBLIC THAT AN ATOMIC BOMB EXISTED, THE PUBLIC KNEW LITTLE ABOUT IT, THIS EXPRESSES THE
CONCERNS, HOPES AND FEARS OF A BRITISH PUBLIC IN THE MONTHS FOLLOWING THE END OF THE
SECOND WORLD WAR. THIS IS THE FIRST TIME ANYONE USED THE PHRASE “COLD WAR”. YOUR TASK IS
TO SUMMARISE ORWELL’S WRITING IN NO MORE THAN 100 WORDS, THEN REDUCE IT TO NO MORE
THAN TEN WORDS
In 100 words, “The Atomic Bomb and You”
In 10 words, “The Atomic Bomb and You”
THE ATOMIC BOMB AND YOU – GEORGE ORWELL (1ST OCTOBER 1945)
Considering how likely we all are to be blown to pieces by it within the next five years, the atomic bomb has
not roused so much discussion as might have been expected. The newspapers have published numerous
diagrams, not very helpful to the average man, of protons and neutrons doing their stuff, and there has
been much reiteration of the useless statement that the bomb ‘ought to be put under international control.’
But curiously little has been said, at any rate in print, about the question that is of most urgent interest to
all of us, namely: ‘How difficult are these things to manufacture?’
Such information as we--that is, the big public--possess on this subject has come to us in a rather
indirect way, apropos of President Truman’s decision not to hand over certain secrets to the USSR.
Some months ago, when the bomb was still only a rumour, there was a widespread belief that
splitting the atom was merely a problem for the physicists, and that when they had solved it a new
and devastating weapon would be within reach of almost everybody. (At any moment, so the
rumour went, some lonely lunatic in a laboratory might blow civilisation to smithereens, as easily
as touching off a firework.)
Had that been true, the whole trend of history would have been abruptly altered. The distinction
between great states and small states would have been wiped out, and the power of the State over
the individual would have been greatly weakened. However, it appears from President Truman’s
remarks, and various comments that have been made on them, that the bomb is fantastically
expensive and that its manufacture demands an enormous industrial effort, such as only three or
four countries in the world are capable of making. This point is of cardinal importance, because it
may mean that the discovery of the atomic bomb, so far from reversing history, will simply intensify
the trends which have been apparent for a dozen years past.
It is a commonplace that the history of civilisation is largely the history of weapons. In particular,
the connection between the discovery of gunpowder and the overthrow of feudalism by the
bourgeoisie has been pointed out over and over again. And though I have no doubt exceptions can
be brought forward, I think the following rule would be found generally true: that ages in which the
dominant weapon is expensive or difficult to make will tend to be ages of despotism, whereas
when the dominant weapon is cheap and simple, the common people have a chance. Thus, for
example, thanks, battleships and bombing planes are inherently tyrannical weapons, while rifles,
muskets, long-bows and hand-grenades are inherently democratic weapons. A complex weapon
makes the strong stronger, while a simple weapon -- so long as there is no answer to it -- gives
claws to the weak.
The great age of democracy and of national self-determination was the age of the musket and the
rifle. After the invention of the flintlock, and before the invention of the percussion cap, the musket
was a fairly efficient weapon, and at the same time so simple that it could be produced almost
anywhere. Its combination of qualities made possible the success of the American and French
revolutions, and made a popular insurrection a more serious business than it could be in our own
day.
After the musket came the breech-loading rifle. This was a comparatively complex thing, but it
could still be produced in scores of countries, and it was cheap, easily smuggled and economical of
ammunition. Even the most backward nation could always get hold of rifles from one source or
another, so that Boers, Bulgars, Abyssinians, Moroccans -- even Tibetans -- could put up a fight for
their independence, sometimes with success. But thereafter every development in military
technique has favoured the State as against the individual, and the industrialised country as against
the backward one. There are fewer and fewer foci of power. Already, in 1939, there were only five
states capable of waging war on the grand scale, and now there are only three--ultimately, perhaps,
only two. This trend has been obvious for years, and was pointed out by a few observers even
before 1914. The one thing that might reverse it is the discovery of a weapon--or, to put it more
broadly, of a method of fighting--not dependent on huge concentrations of industrial plant.
From various symptoms one can infer that the Russians do not yet possess the secret of making the
atomic bomb; on the other hand, the consensus of opinion seems to be that they will possess it
within a few years. So we have before us the prospect of two or three monstrous super-states,
each possessed of a weapon by which millions of people can be wiped out in a few seconds,
dividing the world between them. It has been rather hastily assumed that this means bigger and
bloodier wars, and perhaps an actual end to the machine civilisation. But suppose--and really this
the likeliest development--that the surviving great nations make a tacit agreement never to use the
atomic bomb against one another? Suppose they only use it, or the threat of it, against people who
are unable to retaliate? In that case we are back where we were before, the only difference being
that power is concentrated in still fewer hands and that the outlook for subject peoples and
oppressed classes is still more hopeless.
When James Burnham wrote THE MANAGERIAL REVOLUTION it seemed probable to many
Americans that the Germans would win the European end of the war, and it was therefore natural
to assume that Germany and not Russia would dominate the Eurasian land mass, while Japan
would remain master of East Asia. This was a miscalculation, but it does not affect the main
argument. For Burnham’s geographical picture of the new world has turned out to be correct. More
and more obviously the surface of the earth is being parcelled off into three great empires, each
self-contained and cut off from contact with the outer world, and each ruled, under one disguise or
another, by a self-elected oligarchy. The haggling as to where the frontiers are to be drawn is still
going on, and will continue for some years, and the third of the three super-states--East Asia,
dominated by China--is still potential rather than actual. But the general drift is unmistakable, and
every scientific discovery of recent years has accelerated it.
We were once told that the aeroplane had ‘abolished frontiers’; actually it is only since the
aeroplane became a serious weapon that frontiers have become definitely impassable. The radio
was once expected to promote international understanding and co-operation; it has turned out to
be a means of insulating one nation from another. The atomic bomb may complete the process by
robbing the exploited classes and peoples of all power to revolt, and at the same time putting the
possessors of the bomb on a basis of military equality. Unable to conquer one another, they are
likely to continue ruling the world between them, and it is difficult to see how the balance can be
upset except by slow and unpredictable demographic changes.
For forty or fifty years past, Mr. H.G. Wells and others have been warning us that man is in danger
of destroying himself with his own weapons, leaving the ants or some other gregarious species to
take over. Anyone who has seen the ruined cities of Germany will find this notion at least
thinkable. Nevertheless, looking at the world as a whole, the drift for many decades has been not
towards anarchy but towards the reimposition of slavery. We may be heading not for general
breakdown but for an epoch as horribly stable as the slave empires of antiquity. James Burnham’s
theory has been much discussed, but few people have yet considered its ideological implications-that is, the kind of world-view, the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that would probably
prevail in a state which was at once UNCONQUERABLE and in a permanent state of ‘cold war’ with
its neighbours.
Had the atomic bomb turned out to be something as cheap and easily manufactured as a bicycle or
an alarm clock, it might well have plunged us back into barbarism, but it might, on the other hand,
have meant the end of national sovereignty and of the highly-centralised police state. If, as seems
to be the case, it is a rare and costly object as difficult to produce as a battleship, it is likelier to put
an end to large-scale wars at the cost of prolonging indefinitely a ‘peace that is no peace’.
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
ONGOING FEEDBACK
MEDAL COMMENT
HOW TO PROGRESS
STUDENT ACTION
17
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
V –Yalta and Potsdam: What to do with Germany?
SOURCE M Evening Standard July 1945
18
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
• Explain why Berlin was a cause of great tension
• Extract relevant details from a text source
SOURCE N
He (Truman) would come prepared on each subject with a short, firm declaratory statement of US policy,
and when he had said his little piece he did little in subsequent discussion except reaffirm it. Winston was
good but patchy. He was perhaps too ready to indulge in long dissertations which were evidently not to
President Truman's taste.
Stalin, on the other hand, spoke quietly, shortly, in little staccato sentences which Pavlov, his young
interpreter, translated immediately into forceful English. In the discussions Stalin was often humorous,
never offensive; direct and uncompromising. His hair was greyer than I expected, and was thinning. His eyes
looked to me humorous, and often showed as mere slits, but he had a trick of looking up when he was
thinking or speaking, to the ceiling to the right, and much of the time he would be pulling at a Russian
cigarette.
Walter Monckton, Britain's Solicitor-General, wrote about the Potsdam meeting on 3rd August, 1945.
SOURCE O
The Gradual Growth of Administration in the British Zone. The decision of the Potsdam Conference to treat
Germany as a single economic unit proved impossible to carry out. The victorious powers had made an
agreement that required unanimity by the Control Council for every decision. (The Allied Control Council
was the four-power body set up to decide questions concerning Germany as a whole.) But the four powers
were never agreed on their programme for Germany and the Soviet Union in particular pursued its own
policy. At first even the three Western powers disagreed over policy towards Germany.
The four occupation zones were drifting further and further apart economically and the economic chaos
grew from the spring of 1945 onwards. Germany's economic structure required an exchange of agricultural
products from the East, and to a lesser extent the South of the country, with the industrial production of the
Ruhr and of other industrial regions. This exchange was stopped by the division of the country into four
zones. The zonal commanders acted on the directives of their respective governments and each pursued his
own policy in his own zone. This could only further hinder an economy already largely paralysed by the
ravages of war.
Konrad Adenauer, Memoirs 1945-53 (12th July, 1952)
19
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
VI – Doctrine and Aid: Dollar Imperialism
SOURCE P
This Russian cartoon from 1947
shows Uncle Sam on the left
and on the right are Greek
communists.
SOURCE Q
This cartoon of 1 October 1947 by EH
Shepard for the British magazine Punch
shows Marshall (on the left) telling 'Uncle
Sam' - i.e. the American nation - that
American Aid is needed to shore up the
countries of western Europe: 'Come on Sam!
It's up to us again.'
SOURCE R
This cartoon of 18 June 1947 by EH Shepard for
the British magazine Punch shows Truman and
Stalin as two taxi-drivers trying to get
customers.
The 'customers' are labelled 'Turkey', Hungary',
'Bulgaria', 'Austria’
20
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
• Explain why the USA wanted to help Europe recover from WW2
• Evaluate the reliability of political cartoons
SOURCE S
“The ruling gang of American imperialists has taken the path of open expansion, of enslaving weakened
capitalist countries. It has hatched new war plans against the Soviet Union. Imitating Hitler, the new
aggressors are using blackmail.”
GM Malenkov, a Soviet politician, speaking in 1947 about the Marshall Plan.
Andrei Zhdanov echoed this opinion
21
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
VII – The Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift
22
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
• Judge who is to blame for increasing Cold War tension
• Compare evidence to support a theory
SOURCE T
23
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
CONTROLLED ASSESSMENT PARAGRAPH PRACTICE
ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVE FOCUS – KEY FEATURES
GRADE D – FEW REASONS GIVEN, NO LINKS BETWEEN FACTORS SUGGESTED
GRADE C – SOME REASONS IDENTIFIED AND OR DESCRIBED, UNSUPPORTED
GRADE B – SOME OPINION GIVEN WITH UNDERSTANDING OF REASONS THOUGH NOT FULLY SUPPORTED
GRADE A – REASONABLE UNDERSTANDING OF INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE TWO FACTORS,
SUPPORTED OPINON GIVEN
GRADE A* – GOOD RANGE OF KEY FEATURES OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE TWO EVENTS, WELL
REASONED AND SUPPORTED ARGUMENT GIVEN
WAS THE BERLIN BLOCKADE OR THE AIRLIFT A GREATER CAUSE OF TENSION IN THE COLD WAR?
PEER ASSESSMENT – HIGHLIGHT THE GRADE ABOVE WHICH YOU THINK BEST RELATES TO THE PARAGRAPH WRITTEN HERE
STUDENT ACTION (SUGGEST HOW YOU ARE GOING TO IMPROVE THIS SKILL IN YOUR NEXT PARAGRAPH – HAVE YOU
CONTINUED TO INCLUDE EVIDENCE FROM SOURCES AND YOUR CONTEXTUAL KNOWLEDGE?)
24
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
HOMEWORK – SOURCE GATHERING
USING THE WIKI AND LINKS FROM IT TO OTHER SITES YOUR TASK IS TO FIND ONE WRITTEN SOURCE AND
ONE PICTURE SOURCE (AS A MINIMUM), WHICH YOU HAVEN’T ALREADY GOT IN YOUR WORKBOOK.
YOU ARE TO EITHER CUT AND PASTE IT BY HAND OR ELECTRONICALLY INTO THE NEXT PAGE. YOU WILL
THEN NEED TO FILL IN THE LAYERS OF INTERENCE AROUND THEM AND THE TWO BOXES BETWEEN THEM
TO EXPLAIN WHY THEY ARE DIFFERENT. THIS SHOULD BE LOOKING INTO THE NATURE, ORIGIN AND
PURPOSE OF THEM BOTH.
THEY CAN BE ON ANY OF THE TOPICS THAT WE HAVE SO FAR COVERED IN THE COLD WAR, BUT THEY
SHOULD BOTH BE ABOUT THE SAME TOPIC – IN THE NEXT LESSON YOU WILL NEED TO COMPARE HOW
IMPORTANT THE EVENT / INDIVIDUAL / THEME IS COMPARED TO THE CREATION OF NATO.
FOR EXAMPLE
25
EVALUATION – HOW RELIABLE OR USEFUL IS THIS SOURCE?
HOW DOES THIS SOURCE LINK BACK TO THE QUESTION , WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
WHAT DOES THE SOURCE TELL US ABOUT THIS CAUSE?
What are the differences between these two sources?
Why might these two sources have differences?
EVALUATION – HOW RELIABLE OR USEFUL IS THIS SOURCE?
HOW DOES THIS SOURCE LINK BACK TO THE QUESTION , WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
WHAT DOES THE SOURCE TELL US ABOUT THIS CAUSE?
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
VIII – NATO
SOURCE U
27
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
• Judge the significance of ideology as a cause of the Cold War
• Compare two reasons for the Cold War using sources as evidence to support an argument
USING THE GUIDANCE FROM YOUR THREE PREVIOUS PACTICE PARAGRAPHS YOU NEED TO PRODUCE AN
ARGUMENT THAT COMPARES YOUR HOMEWORK EVENT / INDIVIDUAL / THEME TO THE CREATION OF
NATO – REMEMBER TO ANSWER THE QUESTION – “WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?”
28
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
IX – What caused the Cold War?
• Judge the most significant cause of the Cold War
• Use a variety of sources as supporting evidence
DIAGRAM EXPLAINING WHAT SIGNIFICANCE EACH CAUSE PLAYS AGAINST EACH OTHER
29
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
ONGOING FEEDBACK
MEDAL COMMENT
HOW TO PROGRESS
STUDENT ACTION
30