Week 9
Reading Handouts
What It Looks Like on a Test…
Which of these is the best summary of the
article?
What is paragraph ____ mainly about?
4.11/Fig 19E
Procedural Text
Purpose: Explains how to do something




Explains the steps the reader must follow to do something
Incudes Directions/Instructions
Sequence is Important (must do the steps in order)
Ingredients or Materials Needed Will Be Listed followed by
Directions or Steps
 Examples- Recipes; Directions for Experiments, Crafts, or
Putting Something Together
Example of Procedural Text
If you want to make a quick and easy breakfast, here is something you can try.
Materials/Ingredients:




bowl
spoon
milk
favorite cereal
What to do:
First, get a bowl, a spoon, and a box of cereal.
Next, pour the cereal in the bowl. Then, add the
milk. Finally, eat your cereal.
Why did the author
write this? To explain
how to make a simple
breakfast
Why did the author
include the
photograph? To
help the reader
visualize the
directions
What is the third
step? Add the milk
Student Product
Read the selection and choose the best answer to each question.
Then fill in the answer on your answer document.
A Dessert with a Long History
Page 4
1
When it’s hot outside, there’s nothing better than ice cream to
cool you down. But it hasn’t always been possible to order a scoop
of ice cream at your local ice-cream shop.
2
Hundreds of years before there were electric freezers, people in
China made frozen desserts by mixing milk with snow and
spices. The Roman emperor Nero sent his fastest runners into the
mountains to gather snow. The snow was brought back before it
could melt and was mixed with honey, nuts, or fruit juice.
3
The Chinese and Roman treats were unlike today’s ice cream.
These desserts were made with small pieces of frozen ice and
were similar to snow cones. By the 1600s flavored dishes in which
cream was combined with ice were being produced in several
European countries. These desserts looked and tasted more like
the kind of ice cream served today.
4
When people came
from Europe to America
i n t h e 1700s, they
brought their recipes for
ice cream with them. But
the frozen treat did not
become very popular. It
was difficult to find and
keep the ice needed to
make the dessert. It
took a long time to mix
the ingredients, and then
the mixture had to be
frozen for several hours
before it could be eaten.
1600s
Flavored
ice
1843
Ice-cream
machine
1904
Waffle cone
1920
Ice-cream
bar on a
stick
GO ON
All that changed thanks to Nancy Johnson of Pennsylvania. In the
1840s Johnson invented an ice-cream maker that enabled
people to make the dessert faster than they could by mixing it by
hand. The machine, which could easily be used in the home, froze
the ice cream as it was being made. Similar machines are still
used today.
Nancy Johnson’s invention
allowed people to make ice
cream in their homes.
Page 5
Courtesy of Library of Congress
5
6
Ice cream wasn’t placed into a cone until 1904. A man selling
crispy waffles at a fair noticed that people would leave his stand
and go to the ice-cream booth. They would then drop their ice
cream onto his waffles. This gave him the idea of rolling a waffle
into a cone shape. The ice-cream cone was born!
7
Years later, in 1920, Harry Burt decided to start making icecream treats. Burt, a candy maker, covered a small block of
vanilla ice cream with thick chocolate. His daughter said that it
was good but too messy. Burt’s son suggested that he put the ice
cream on a stick the same way he would a lollipop. Burt did just
that and made the first ice-cream bar on a stick.
GO ON
More ice cream is eaten in the United States than in any other
country. Every July U.S. ice-cream companies celebrate National Ice
Cream
Month.
Top Five Ice-Cream Flavors in the United States
The companies
30
spend lots of time
testing
new
25
flavors such as
20
chunky chocolate
cherry and berry
15
blast. Still, the
10
most
popular
5
flavor is that alltime
favorite:
0
Percentage of All Ice Cream Sold
8
vanilla.
Vanilla
Chocolate
Strawberry
Chocolate
Chip
Butter
Pecan
Flavor
If you “scream for ice cream,” here is an easy way for you and your
friends to mix up a batch.
Ingredients:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
6 tablespoons rock salt
1/2 gallon ice cubes
1 tablespoon sugar
1/2 cup heavy cream
1/2 teaspoon vanilla
1 large (gallon-size) plastic sealable bag
1 small (sandwich-size) plastic sealable bag
Procedural
Text that is
embedded in
Informational
Text
What to do:
1. Put the ice and the rock salt into the large bag.
2. Pour the heavy cream, the sugar, and the vanilla into the small bag.
Seal the small bag.
3. Place the small bag in the large bag. Seal the large bag.
4. Shake the large bag until the mixture thickens (about five minutes).
5. Remove the small bag from the large bag. Open the small bag
carefully. You’re ready to enjoy your tasty treat!
Page 6
GO ON
Student Name:______________________________
1. What is the most likely reason that the recipe was included
with the article?
F To indicate that most people make ice cream at home
G To explain the process for using an ice-cream machine
H To provide instructions for making ice cream
J To show how people first made ice cream
Page 7
GO ON
Answer Key
Student Name:______________________________
1. What is the most likely reason that the recipe was included
with the article?
F To indicate that most people make ice cream at home
G To explain the process for using an ice-cream machine
H To provide instructions for making ice cream
J To show how people first made ice cream
Page 8
GO ON
What It Looks Like on a Test…
Procedural Text will always be embedded in
another text as in “A Dessert with a Long History”
What is the most likely reason that the recipe
was included with the article?
F To indicate that most people make ice cream at home
G To explain the process for using an ice-cream machine
H To provide instructions for making ice cream
J To show how people first made ice cream
4.13/Fig 19D
Page 9
GO ON
Read the selection and choose the best answer to each question.
Then fill in the answer on your answer document.
Cotton Candy
1
Last Saturday my best friend Julia celebrated her tenth birthday
with a party at her house. Julia’s party was on December 7,
which is National Cotton Candy Day. Julia and her mom discussed
ways to celebrate Julia’s Birthday. They decided it would be great
fun to have a cotton candy birthday party.
2
When I
sanding
next to
candy.
thought
3
Julia’s mom handed everyone a card that explained the steps for
making cotton candy.
arrived at the party, all the children were in the kitchen
around a cotton candy machine. Julia wanted me to stand
her. We were eager to watch Julia’s mom make cotton
I didn’t know cotton candy could be made at home. I
you could only buy it at the fair.
HOW TO MAKE COTTON CANDY
What to do:
1. Cotton candy is made of pure sugar.
To start the process, plug in the cotton
candy machine to preheat the spinner
head. Then pour sugar into the top of
the spinner head. The spinner head
contains a heater that melts the sugar
and changes it to a liquid. Colored
dye can be added to the liquid.
2. Turn on the spinner head. The spinning
forces the liquid sugar through the tiny
holes in the spinner head.
3. As the liquid sugar flows through the
set of tiny holes, small threads of
sugar form in the collecting bowl.
Candy changes
Machine back to a
4. When the threads of sugar hit the air, they are cooled. Cotton
The sugar
solid and looks like long threads of cotton.
5. Use a paper cone to gather the fluffy candy from the collecting bowl. Keep turning
the paper cone until you have as much candy as you want.
Hint: Cotton candy does not have to be pink! The color can be changed by adding
different colors of dye to the liquid. Flavorings may be added to change the taste of
the candy.
GO ON
4
Julia’s mom made three flavors of cotton candy for us. She
made pink bubble gum, red watermelon, and purple grape.
I ate the pink bubble gum cotton candy. It’s my favorite
flavor!
5
While we enjoyed our treats, Julia’s mom shared some interesting
facts about cotton candy.
The cotton candy machine was
invented by two candy makers from Tennessee named John C.
Wharton and William Morrison. In 1897 they thought of a way to
spin sugar into a fluffy candy cloud. It tasted great, so they
decided to sell it at the St. Louis World’s Fair. They called their
creation “Fairy Floss.”
People at the fair loved the fluffy
confection. Over 60,000 boxes of “Fairy Floss” were sold for 25¢
a box, which was a large amount of money at that time. The
term “cotton candy” was first used in the United States in the
1920s.
6
After we finished eating, we washed the sticky sugar off our
hands. Julia’s mom invited us into the living room to watch Julia
open her presents. I gave her a huge pink hula hoop. Julia
thought it was awesome! She received many special gifts for her
birthday.
7
I had a terrific time at Julia’s party! I plan to ask my mom for a cotton
candy machine for my birthday in June.
GO ON
1. What is paragraph 5 mostly about?
A Steps in the process of making cotton candy
B Julia opening presents
C The history of cotton candy
D How much fun the guests had at the party
2. Where was cotton candy first introduced to the world?
A England
B St. Louis World’s Fair
C Nashville, Tennessee
D Julia’s birthday party
3. When making cotton candy, what causes the liquid sugar to change back to a solid?
A The syrup flavors the sugar.
B The tiny holes separate the sugar.
C The heat melts the sugar.
D
The air cools the sugar.
4. What is the most likely reason that the author included “HOW TO MAKE COTTON
CANDY” in this selection?
A To indicate that most people make cotton candy at home
B To explain the process for making cotton candy
C To describe a cotton candy machine
D To show how people first made cotton candy
5. Look at the chart below. Use it to answer the question.
Sugar is melted and change to a
liquid.
Liquid sugar flows through tiny holes,
hits the air, and changes to a solid.
Threads of candy are gathered on a
paper cone.
Which idea belongs in the empty box?
A it takes several hours to make ice cream with such a machine
B making ice cream can be a family activity
C the process of making ice cream has not changed for hundreds of years
D using such a machine is difficult
6. Which sentence from the selection best supports the idea that Julia and her mother
do things together?
A Julia’s mom made three flavors of cotton candy for us.
B Julia’s mom handed everyone a card that explained the steps for making cotton
candy.
C Julia and her mom discussed ways to celebrate Julia’s birthday.
D Julia’s mom invited us into the living room to watch Julia open her presents.
7. In paragraph 5, the word confection means –
A facts about candy
B clouds shaped like fairies
C a candy treat
D a spun-glass container