Kin 304 Writing Assignment:
Writing the results section of a refereed journal paper
Assignment
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In lab this week we will carry out all the analysis
necessary for the assignment.
You must take these results and write them up in the
form of the Results section of a refereed journal article.
Requirements:
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Title page – Title, Name, Student number
Text of the results section
Tables and Figures each on separate pages after text (not inline with text) with captions (in bold font - tables at top, figures
at bottom).
Components of the Results Section
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Report the results without discussion. It is not enough
just to include figures, you must describe the results.
No need to justify form of analysis – this was done in
the Methods section.
Use tables and/or charts to illustrate the results.
Do not repeat the same information in both a chart and
a table – Space is at a premium.
Do not repeat all of a table in the text.
Components of the Results Section
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Always start with a table describing the
sample.
Include Means, Standard Deviations and
sample sizes (Standard Errors of Means not
necessary).
Statistical analysis can often be indicated on
this table.
Then follow with tables or figures to illustrate
the hypothesis testing
Tables
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Tables should be able to stand alone.
Table captions must give enough detail to
stand alone. Not just:
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Sample Descriptives
If variable name abbreviations are used, the
full name must be in a table footnote, or the
table caption.
Tables
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It is unnecessary and distracting to report digits if they
have little scientific relevance.
Your device can measure blood pressure to within 0.01
mmHg and your sample mean is 115.73 mmHg. How
do you report the sample mean?
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As 115.73, as 115.7, or as 116 mmHg?
Does a resolution smaller than 1 mmHg really matter?
In contrast, a resolution to 0.001 units is essential for
variables like pH or body density.
Density converted to % Body Fat using Siri Equation
% Body Fat = ((4.95/Density)-4.5)*100
Density gm/ml
1.030
1.035
1.040
1.045
1.050
1.055
1.060
1.065
1.070
1.075
1.080
1.085
%Body Fat
30.58252427
28.26086957
25.96153846
23.68421053
21.42857143
19.1943128
16.98113208
14.78873239
12.61682243
10.46511628
8.333333333
6.221198157
%Body Fat
30.6
28.3
26.0
23.7
21.4
19.2
17.0
14.8
12.6
10.5
8.3
6.2
Reporting the results of a t-test
Group Statistics
SAFAGR
GRIPR
SEX
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
N
20
23
20
23
Mean
25.801
21.355
52.310
35.304
Std. Deviation
1.9882
1.4569
7.8432
6.8536
Std. Error
Mean
.4446
.3038
1.7538
1.4291
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Tes t for
Equality of Variances
F
SAFAGR
GRIPR
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Equal variances
ass umed
Equal variances
not as sumed
Equal variances
ass umed
Equal variances
not as sumed
1.713
.525
Sig.
.198
.473
t-tes t for Equality of Means
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
8.437
41
.000
4.446
.5270
3.3816
5.5101
8.257
34.408
.000
4.446
.5385
3.3521
5.5397
7.589
41
.000
17.006
2.2407
12.4804
21.5309
7.517
38.101
.000
17.006
2.2623
12.4263
21.5850
Men are significantly (p<0.05) bigger than women in
skinfold-adjusted forearm girth and grip strength
Means and Standard Deviations of Skinfold-adjusted Arm Girth
and Maximum Right Hand Grip Strength in Male (N=20) and
Female (N=23) University Students
Sex
Skinfold-adjusted Arm Girth
Maximum Right Hand Grip Strength
Mean
S.D.
Sig
Male
25.8
2.0
*
Female
21.4
1.5
Male
52.3
7.8
Female
35.3
6.9
*
* sig. diff. between male and female means, independent t-test d.f.=41, p<0.05
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: VO2MAX
Between-Subjects Factors
N
AGE
SEX
17.00
18.00
19.00
1.00
2.00
344
286
273
473
430
Source
Corrected Model
Intercept
AGE
SEX
AGE * SEX
Error
Total
Corrected Total
Type III Sum
of Squares
424.295 a
16946.730
3.032
403.923
.715
337.122
18407.560
761.417
df
5
1
2
1
2
897
903
902
Mean Square
F
84.859
225.789
16946.730 45091.176
1.516
4.034
403.923
1074.742
.358
.952
.376
Sig.
.000
.000
.018
.000
.386
a. R Squared = .557 (Adjusted R Squared = .555)
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Often no need to report statistical results in a table, just
include description in the text:
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In a two-way Analysis of Variance with VO2max as the
dependent variable, both Age Group and Sex were found to be
statistically significant factors (P<0.05)
Charts
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Charts should be able to stand alone. Captions
should provide enough detail.
Do not refer to abbreviations only found in text.
Either provide key in caption or footnote to
table.
Do not bunch up data in one corner of chart.
Use Black and white only. Distinguish different
data points for group using different shapes
Figure 1: Plot of maximum grip strength versus skinfold-adjusted Forearm girth, showing
correlation coefficients between variables for men (♂) and women (♀) separately and
men and women combined (♂+ ♀)
Figure should be able to stand alone with it’s caption.
Must be in black and white.
But make sure different symbols can still be distinguished