th
5
Grade MidYear Science
Review, Part 4
4.8C Collect and analyze data to identify sequences
and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides,
seasons, and the observable appearance of the Moon
over time.
Gravity from the moon causes tides on the
Earth’s surface.
4.8C Collect and analyze data to identify sequences
and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides,
seasons, and the observable appearance of the Moon
over time.
Seasons are
caused by
the Earth’s tilt
on its axis as
it revolves
around the
sun.
4.8C Collect and analyze data to identify sequences
and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides,
seasons, and the observable appearance of the Moon
over time.
The moon has no light of its
own. It simply reflects light
from the sun. Since the
moon is rotating on its axis
AND revolving around the
Earth, the part of the moon
we see changes during each
month.
4.8C Collect and analyze data to identify sequences
and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides,
seasons, and the observable appearance of the
Moon over time.
The lunar cycle is
the time it takes for
the moon to revolve
once around the
Earth. To people on
Earth, the moon
appears to change
shape during the
month. These
changes are called
the moon’s phases.
New Moon
First Quarter
Full Moon
Last Quarter
Most importantly of all!!!!
It takes about 28
days for the moon
to orbit the Earth
4.8C Collect and analyze data to identify
sequences and predict patterns of change in
shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable
appearance of the Moon over time.
Complete questions 31-33 on the
review sheet.
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
The Earth
• About ¾ of the
surface is covered
with water.
• Surrounded by an
atmosphere of gases
The Moon
• No liquid water found on
the moon’s surface.
• Little or no atmosphere
on the surface
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
The Sun
• Diameter: 1,390,000
km
• Shape: sphere
• Surface: gaseous
(helium and hydrogen)
• No volcanoes
• Rotation: about 25
Earth days
The Moon
The Earth
•
•
•
•
•
•
Diameter: 12,756 km
Shape: sphere
Surface: rocky, soil,
few craters, rocky
mountains, plains,
valleys
Active volcanoes
Rotation: 24 hours
Revolution: about 365
days
•
•
•
•
•
•
Diameter: 3,475 km
Shape: sphere
Surface: rocky, moon
dust, lots of craters, rocky
mountains, plains, valleys
Inactive volcanoes
Rotation: about 28 days
Revolution: about 28 days
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
The earth rotates, or spins on its axis, once every 24
hours. This rotation is the reason we have day and night!
The moon rotates on its axis at
the same exact speed that it
revolves around the Earth.
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• The sun is the closest star
to the Earth.
• The sun is made up of hot
gases, mainly helium and
hydrogen.
• Almost all of the energy
found on the Earth comes
from the sun.
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• The sun’s energy provides Earth with
the light and heat needed to support
life.
• Its energy influences Earth’s wind and
weather.
• Energy from the sun also drives the
water cycle on Earth.
16
5.8D Identify and compare the physical characteristics of
the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• The sun is the only object in our solar
system that can produce its own light.
• Even though it is only a medium-sized
star, the sun is the largest object in the
solar system.
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• Like the Earth, the sun
has layers.
• Nuclear reactions take
place in the core.
These reactions
release huge amounts
of energy and makes
the core extremely hot
(10-20 million degrees
Celsius).
• The energy passes
from the core through
the other layers and
then travels through
space.
18
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• The photosphere is
the surface of the
sun that we can
see.
• In a solar eclipse, a
red circle can be
seen around the
sun. This is the
chromosphere. It is
red because of all
the hydrogen
surrounding the
sun.
19
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• The dark, cooler spots found on the
sun’s surface are called sunspots.
• Solar flares are violent
bursts of energy from
the sun’s surface.
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• Green plants
need sunlight in
order to grow and
thrive.
• All of the energy
plants need to
produce their
own food comes
from the sun.
Plants need
water to grow.
Sunlight is
also very
important.
21
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• Air over land heats up and cools down more
quickly than air over water.
• Warm air rises and cool air rushes in to fill the
space. This creates wind.
22
5.8D Identify and compare the physical
characteristics of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• Answer questions
34-37 on your
review sheet.
23
3.8D Identify the planets in Earth’s solar system and
their position in relation to the sun.
The solar system is an example of
a system. Gravity holds the
planets and moons in their orbits.
24
3.8D Identify the planets in Earth’s
solar system and their position in
relation to the sun.
Pluto
Uranus
Neptune
Mars
Sun
Saturn
Venus
Earth
Jupiter
Mercury
• The sun is at the center of our solar system.
• The inner planets in order from the sun are Mercury, Venus,
Earth and Mars.
• The outer planets in order from the sun are Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune.
• Pluto is so small that it is now classified as a dwarf planet.
25
3.8D Identify the planets in Earth’s
solar system and their position
in relation to the sun.
• The planets are
not usually found
in a straight line.
• They are in
curved paths
around the sun
called orbits.
26
3.8D Identify the planets in Earth’s solar system
and their position in relation to the sun.
The path a planet follows as it revolves around the sun is called its orbit. It
takes each planet a fixed length of time to complete one revolution.
Pluto
6
3
5
Sun
1
2
4
8
7
Our Solar System
Planet Code
1 Mercury
2 Venus
3 Earth
4 Mars
5 Jupiter
6 Saturn
7 Uranus
8 Neptune
3.8D Identify the planets in Earth’s solar system
and their position in relation to the sun.
Answer
questions 3940 on your
review sheet.