Axial/Appendicular
This does not take the place of
reviewing the chapter and
sections of the textbook!
Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.2
The Axial Skeleton
The Axial Skeleton
• the skull
• the vertebral column
• the thoracic cage
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Axial Skeleton
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Skull
• the cranium
– surround the brain
• the facial bones
– protect the front of the head
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Cranium
•
•
•
•
•
•
frontal bone
parietal bones (2)
temporal bones (2)
occipital bones (2)
ethmoid bone
sphenoid bone
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Facial Bones
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
maxillary bones (2)
palatine bones (2)
zygomatic bones (2)
lacrimal bones (2)
nasal bones (2)
vomer
inferior concha bones (2)
mandible
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Cranial and Facial Bones
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Vertebral Column
• regions of the spine
–
–
–
–
–
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
• curves of the spine
–
–
–
–
cervical curve
thoracic curve
lumbar curve
sacral curve
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Structures of the Vertebrae
•
•
•
•
•
the vertebral body
the vertebral arch
the transverse processes
the spinous process
the superior and inferior articular processes
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Structures of the Vertebrae
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
• lordosis
• kyphosis
• scoliosis
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Intervertebral Discs
• located between vertebrae
• shock absorbers
• allow flexibility
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Thoracic Cage
• sternum
– manubrium
– body of the sternum
– xiphoid process
• ribs
– true ribs
– false ribs
– floating ribs
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Review and Assessment
True or False?
1. All ribs are true ribs.
2. The facial bones surround the brain.
3. The sphenoid bone is part of the cranium.
4. There are 4 regions in the spine.
5. Intervertebral discs allow spinal flexibility.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.3
The Appendicular
Skeleton
The Upper Extremity
• the shoulder complex
– scapula
– clavicle
• the arm
– humerus
– radius
– ulna
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Upper Extremity
• the wrist and hand
– carpals (8)
– metacarpals (5)
– phalanges (14)
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Lower Extremity
• the pelvic girdle
– ilium
– ischium
– pubis
• the leg
–
–
–
–
femur
tibia
fibula
patella
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Lower Extremity
• the ankle and foot
– tarsals (7)
– metatarsals (5)
– phalanges (14)
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: foot, shoulder complex,
humerus, or pelvic girdle.
1. The proximal bone of the arm is the
_______________.
2. The tarsals are found in the _______________.
3. The scapula and clavicle make up the
_______________.
4. The ilium is part of the _______________.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.2
The Axial Skeleton
The Axial Skeleton
• the skull
• the vertebral column
• the thoracic cage
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Axial Skeleton
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Skull
• the cranium
– surround the brain
• the facial bones
– protect the front of the head
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Cranium
•
•
•
•
•
•
frontal bone
parietal bones (2)
temporal bones (2)
occipital bones (2)
ethmoid bone
sphenoid bone
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Facial Bones
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
maxillary bones (2)
palatine bones (2)
zygomatic bones (2)
lacrimal bones (2)
nasal bones (2)
vomer
inferior concha bones (2)
mandible
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Cranial and Facial Bones
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Vertebral Column
• regions of the spine
–
–
–
–
–
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
• curves of the spine
–
–
–
–
cervical curve
thoracic curve
lumbar curve
sacral curve
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Structures of the Vertebrae
•
•
•
•
•
the vertebral body
the vertebral arch
the transverse processes
the spinous process
the superior and inferior articular processes
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Structures of the Vertebrae
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
• lordosis
• kyphosis
• scoliosis
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Intervertebral Discs
• located between vertebrae
• shock absorbers
• allow flexibility
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Thoracic Cage
• sternum
– manubrium
– body of the sternum
– xiphoid process
• ribs
– true ribs
– false ribs
– floating ribs
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Review and Assessment
True or False?
1. All ribs are true ribs.
2. The facial bones surround the brain.
3. The sphenoid bone is part of the cranium.
4. There are 4 regions in the spine.
5. Intervertebral discs allow spinal flexibility.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.3
The Appendicular
Skeleton
The Upper Extremity
• the shoulder complex
– scapula
– clavicle
• the arm
– humerus
– radius
– ulna
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Upper Extremity
• the wrist and hand
– carpals (8)
– metacarpals (5)
– phalanges (14)
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Lower Extremity
• the pelvic girdle
– ilium
– ischium
– pubis
• the leg
–
–
–
–
femur
tibia
fibula
patella
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
The Lower Extremity
• the ankle and foot
– tarsals (7)
– metatarsals (5)
– phalanges (14)
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: foot, shoulder complex,
humerus, or pelvic girdle.
1. The proximal bone of the arm is the
_______________.
2. The tarsals are found in the _______________.
3. The scapula and clavicle make up the
_______________.
4. The ilium is part of the _______________.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.