Pestalozzi 7/2012
International Development Cooperation
The Millennium Development Goals (MDG)
a synthesis of target formulations
elaborated during UN Conferences of the 90th
•
The goals appeared the first time in the 1996 OECD publication:
Shaping the 21st Century: The Contribution of Development Cooperation.
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General Assembly 8th September 2000: Millenium Declaration
All 189 member states of the UN approved the goals
2001, based on the Millenium declaration a working group of UN, OECD/DAC and
World Bank formulates the 8 „Millenium Development Goals“, precised by 18 Targets
and 48 Indicators
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The MDGs were set as “global goals”
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However, from the very beginning also the protagonists of the goals interpreted them
as “performance goals” measured for world regions and countries.
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Pestalozzi 7/2012
International Development Cooperation
The 8 MDGs
selected indicators
2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education
2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who
reach last grade of primary
2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men
ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere,
boys and girls alike, will be able to complete
a full course of primary schooling
eliminate gender disparity in primary and
secondary education preferably by 2005,
and at all levels by 2015
3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary
and tertiary education
6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years
6.3 Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with
comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS
6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school
attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14 years
6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under
insecticide-treated bednets
6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are
treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs
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Pestalozzi 7/2012
International Development Cooperation
Summary of the current achievements on the way
to reach the MDGs
reached success based on 2009 data
necessary success to reach 2015 target
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Pestalozzi 7/2012
International Development Cooperation
MDG Indicator progress, number of poor countries
Sample size:
76 countries, IDA-eligible
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Pestalozzi 7/2012
International Development Cooperation
Top MDG Index Performers
Lowest MDG Index Performers
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Pestalozzi 7/2012
International Development Cooperation
Millennium Development Goals ad Midpoint:
Where do we stand and where do we need to go?
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Global progress is surprisingly good, especially for
the poverty and the gender parity goals; less so
for the child mortality and maternal mortality goal.
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In effect, there are clear regional patterns in MDG progress that
depend on initial conditions and recent growth performance.
Asian countries are over-achievers
in the income poverty goal.
Latin America and Middle East relative overachievers in health, education and gender equity.
Relative underachievers in poverty reduction
goal, although their poverty level is low by
international standards
perform relatively worse in health
and, in the case of South Asia, in
education and gender equity.
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Progress on poverty is very much
driven by overachievers in East
and South Asia.
Sub-Saharan African countries lag significantly
behind other regions in all MDGs.
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(Bourgignon et al. ,2008)
Pestalozzi 7/2012
International Development Cooperation
Summary
• The MDGs’ achievement gap is much larger in ‘fragile’ states.
 one of the reasons why Sub-Saharan Africa lags behind on MDG progress is the
relatively large proportion of so-called ‘fragile states’ in that region
• The poorest regions, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, are the two regions
still seriously off- track for pimary completion rates and for child mortality.
• Progress has been good on gender equity in primary and secondary enrolments
in all regions.
 Yet Sub-Saharan Africa and fragile states still lag considerably behind.

Not a single country in Sub- Saharan Africa is on track to meet the goal at this
stage.
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Pestalozzi 7/2012
International Development Cooperation
MLM
• MDG 2
• Recht auf Bildung
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