APUSH
Period 5: Terms to Know
Visions of America: Chs. 11-15
Below are significant terms, persons, or events that are important for you to know in being able to better
understand the Key Concepts of this unit. You may either write out descriptions of each term or you
may create "Cornell Style" notes and use the terms as the key words in your notes. Please leave enough
room that you may add to these terms as we discuss them in class. Also, these are not the only terms or
main ideas that are going to be discussed- you will need to read the chapter thoroughly to understand the
main ideas of this unit.
Chapter 11:
westward migration (incl. women’s issues & Donner Party), 316-329
“Manifest Destiny” & John L. O’Sullivan, 319-322
Overland Trail, 320
Mormon Migration to Utah, 322-324
Texas (revolution, “Lone Star”, & annexation), 326-328
John Tyler, 328
James K. Polk, 328-329
Oregon Territory & “54° 40’ or Fight”, 329
Spot Resolutions --- A. Lincoln’s Congressional resolution requesting an investigation into the alleged
“spot” where “American blood has been shed on American soil” before declaring war on Mexico (it
failed)
Zachary Taylor, 329-330, 334-336
Mexican War, 330-333
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 331-332
Wilmot Proviso, 334
popular sovereignty (esp. as applied to slavery), 334
Free Soil Party, 335-336
Chapter 12:
gold rush, 342-343
Henry Clay (esp. as a “compromiser”), 344-345
John C. Calhoun, 344
Stephen Douglas, 345, 351-352, 366
Daniel Webster, 328 (pic), 345
Millard Fillmore, 345, 349, 357
Compromise of 1850, 345-346
Underground Railroad, 347
Harriet Beecher Stowe & Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 348
Gadsden Purchase, --- 1854 agreement between U.S. & Mexico to purchase for $10 million a tract of
land south of Arizona & New Mexico to help facilitate a southern trans-continental railroad route; added
fuel to the slavery debates within westward expansion
Franklin Pierce, 350-351
Ostend Manifesto, 351 - 1854 declaration giving justifications for the U.S. to acquire Cuba from Spain;
supporting war, if necessary, to gain Cuba; not pursued to angst over Kansas-Nebraska Act & other
slavery related connections to debates on expansion
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 351-353
antebellum immigration, 353
emergence of Republican Party, 353-356
nativists (esp. Know-Nothing Party), 354
Lecompton Constitution, 354-356, 358-359
Charles Sumner & Preston Brooks, 356
“Bleeding Kansas”, 356-357
John Brown (incl. Kansas & Harper’s Ferry, VA), 356, 366-367
James Buchanan, 357-358, 369
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 358
Commonwealth v. Hunt, --- 1842 Massachusetts State Supreme Court Case declaring that Labor Unions
were legal as long as they were for a lawful purpose & used lawful methods to achieve their goals
Panic of 1857, 364
Abraham Lincoln (incl. stance on slavery), 366, 367-369
Freeport Doctrine --- In Freeport, at one of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln “forced” Douglas to
make statements indifferent to slavery & suggesting that popular sovereignty could be used in the West
election of 1860, 367-369
Southern secession, 369-370
Jefferson Davis & Alexander Stephens, 369
Crittenden Compromise, 369
Fort Sumter, 370
Chapter 13:
Advantages for each side, 376-377
Disadvantages for each side, 376-377
Robert E. Lee, 377 & throughout Chap 13
resources during war, (North v. South), 377-378
border states, 379
Lincoln & habeas corpus, 379
Ex Parte Merryman --- 1861 federal court ruling (Chief Justice Taney acting as federal circuit judge)
declaring only Congress has authority to suspend habeas corpus & not the President; ignored by Lincoln
& army
Confederacy & international relations (i.e. cotton diplomacy), 380
Trent Affair, 380
Winfield Scott & Anaconda Plan, 381
George McClellen, 381
Ulysses S. Grant, 381 & throughout Chap 13
Peninsular Campaign, 382-383
New technologies, 383-384
Lincoln & question of emancipation, 384-386
Confiscation Acts, 384
Battle of Antietam, 384-386
Emancipation Proclamation, 386
ways to avoid the draft (North v. South), 387, 390-391
National Bank Acts (included “Legal Tender Act”) & “greenbacks”, 387
Economic hard times for both sides, 387-388
Changing roles for women (of both sides) during war, 388-389
Copperheads, 389
New York City Draft Riots, 391
Significance of July 1863 Battles, 392 Gettysburg: Vicksburg: Honey Spring: Turning point battle for
far west theater (Indian Territory)
black soldiers during Civil War, 392-395
William Sherman & “March to the Sea”, 400-401
Appomattox Courthouse, VA, 401
John Wilkes Booth & Ford’s Theater, 401
Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address: “With malice toward none, with charity towards all” --- Phrase from
Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address (March 1865) implying that “Reconstruction” should not be designed
to punish the South, but be a smooth transition to re-unity
Chapter 14:
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan (10% Plan), 408
Wade-Davis Bill, 408
Thirteenth Amendment, 408
Freedman’s Bureau, 408
Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan, 412-414
Black Codes, 413-414
Congressional (Radical Republican) Reconstruction, 415-417
Fourteenth Amendment, 417
Reconstruction Acts of 1867, 417
Tenure of Office Act, 417
impeachment process --- “impeach” = formal charge against government official House of Reps (by
majority vote) passes formal charges; Senate acts as trial jury (2/3 vote to remove from office)
Impeachment of Johnson, 417
Ex Parte Milligan --- Use of military tribunals for civilian trials while civilian courts/governments are
functioning is unconstitutional
“carpet bagger”, 418
“scalawag”, 418
Election of 1868, 421
Women’s movement, 421
Fifteenth Amendment, 421-422
Ku Klux Klan & Enforcement Acts, 422
collapse of Reconstruction, 423-427
Crédit Mobilier scandal, 423
Whiskey Ring, 423
Panic of 1873, 424
“Redemption” (“redeemers”), 426, 428
Civil Rights Act of 1875, 426
Rutherford Hayes & Samuel Tilden, 426-427
Compromise of 1877, 427
Sharecropping & crop lien system, 431-432
Jim Crow laws, (also, how different than Black Codes?), 433-435
Chapter 15:
Homestead Act & Morrill Land Grant Act, 440
Transcontinental Railroad & Promontory Point, UT, 440-441
Sitting Bull, 444, 453
post-war westward migration, 444-446
Exodusters, 444-445
post-war agriculture & farming, 447-451
“sod busters” --- Term referring to those hard working farms who moved west in hopes of developing a
farm; busting up hard soil for farming proved very difficult in many locations
The Grange (aka Patrons of Husbandry), 448-449
cattle trails, 449-450
barbed wire --- Patented in 1874 by Joseph Glidden, this steel fencing has sharp jagged edges for the
purpose of causing discomfort or pain to a person or animal which gets too close; widely used by
farmers/homesteaders who sought to keep cattle drives from destroying their crops & also used by
ranchers to help keep their cattle inside a defined area
Mining & Comstock Lode, 450-451
Geronimo, 451, 457
Sand Creek massacre, 454
George Custer & Battle of Little Big Horn, 456, 465
Chief Joseph & Nez Perce, 457
Helen Hunt Jackson & A Century of Dishonor, 457, 458
Dawes Severalty Act, 458-460
Oklahoma land runs (yes, 5 of them), --- The “Unassigned Lands”, which had not been allocated to a
specific tribe, was opened for non-Indian settlement by a race in 1889. Following the Dawes Act’s
allotment process, remaining lands were opened in 1891, 1892, 1893, & 1895. In each race, “Sooners”
broke the race rules by sneaking in early to claim the “best” plots of land.
Ghost Dance Movement, 461
Battle of Wounded Knee, 461-462
“Buffalo Bill” Cody & Wild West Show, 462
Annie Oakley, 462, 463
Frederick Turner & “Frontier Thesis”, 464-465
Questions to consider: While it is not required to answer these questions, being familiar with these
topics would be highly beneficial to you.
1. What perspectives developed regarding immigrants during the Antebellum period and what impact
did such perspectives have on social relations?
2. How did the debates surrounding and the eventual outcomes of Texas annexation, the Mexican War,
and Oregon territorial disputes intensify intersectional and party conflict?
3. What justifications were used for each the pro- and the anti- slavery perspectives?
4. To what extent was the Compromise of 1850 truly perceived as a legitimate compromise by
northerners and southerners and what factors led to its undoing?
5. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the subsequent outbreak of conflict in Kansas lead to the
downfall of the Whigs and the rise of the Republicans?
6. In what way did the election of 1860 end the era of compromise and bring about the Civil War?
7. To what extent can the North and the South been seen as two distinct societies with regard to
mobilization, resources, internal dissent and military/political leadership.
8. How did the role of African Americans in general and Emancipation specifically impact the outcome
of the Civil War?
9. In what lasting ways did the Civil War impact the political, social, economic, and sectional
characteristics of the United States?
10. What were the similarities and differences among the Reconstruction plans supported by Lincoln,
Johnson, and the Radical Republicans?
11. What immediate and long-term impact did Radical Reconstruction have upon the former
Confederacy, ex-Confederates, and freedmen?
12. What agricultural, social, and political policies were designed to recreate a system of slavery after
the Civil War?
13. What factors contributed to the end of Reconstruction in the 1870s, and which was the most
significant?
14. What was the impact of the following on westward expansion: railroads, miners, ranchers,
homesteaders, and government policy toward American Indians?
15. What was the political impact of westward settlement upon women and ethnic minorities?
16. How did westward expansion make some Americans more aware of conserving national resources?