 Industries powered by steam now used mass production
 Mass Production-The rapid manufacture of large numbers of identical objects
 Factories used a system of interchangeable parts


Each piece of the product was identical and could be assembled quickly by unskilled workers
Eli Whitney devised this system
 Using mass production and interchangeable parts, manufacturing became more efficient

Interchangeable Parts Rifle

Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

What was their typical “profile?”

What was boardinghouse life like?

1.
2.
3.
4.
What kind of women usually worked in
Lowell?
What time do they go to work at Lowell and what time do they finish work? How many hours of work per day is this?
What were the conditions like in the
Lowell Factory?
What were the conditions like in the women’s boarding houses?

 Dangerous Machines


Workers who were injured on the job received no compensation
Not uncommon for a worker to lose a hand or a foot
 Dimly lit, little fresh air
 Workdays lasted from
12-14 hours

 American textile mills, coal mines, and steel foundries employed children as young as 7 or 8
 They had no opportunities for education
 Worked in unsafe conditions-often gained lifelong health problems
 By 1880, more than one million children between the ages of 10 and 15 worked for pay

 1. What is urbanization?
Growth of cities due to movement of people from rural to urban
 2. How did the Industrial Revolution help to bring about urbanization?
Factories
 3. What two countries did many of the new immigrants come from?
Western Europe: Germans & Irish
 4. List four of the common urban problems below.
Filthy streets, no sewage, no clean water, fires

 1. What were three reasons immigrants came to the
U.S.?
Cheap land, skills=jobs, no survival at home
 2. Why did many Irish come to the U.S. during this time period?
Famine
 3. What jobs did the Irish usually do in the U.S.?
Construction, railroads, household workers

 4. Why did many Germans come to the U.S. at this time?
Dealt with Revolution
 5. Who were the nativists and what groups were they especially opposed to?
Against immigration, against Irish Catholics
 6. What was the name of the nativist political party in
New York?
Know-nothings

“The Supreme
Order of the
Star-Spangled
Banner”

 1. What were three examples of discrimination that
African Americans faced in the North?
No voting, factories discriminated, and segregation
 2. What was the name of the first newspaper owned and run by African Americans?
Freedom’s Journal