CHAPTER 1&2
Information Systems: Concepts and
Management
1.1 Information Systems:
Concepts and Definitions
Data Item
Information
Knowledge
Information Systems:
Concepts and Definitions
Information Technology Architecture
Information Technology Infrastructure
Example: IS (IT Architecture of Online
Travel Agency)
2.1 Types of Information Systems
Computer-based information systems (CBIS)
use computer technology to perform some or
all of their tasks and are composed of:
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Hardware
Software
A Database
A Network
Procedures
People
Information Systems Inside Your
Organization
Information Technology Outside Your
Organization
Application Programs
An application program is a computer
program designed to support a specific task,
a business process or another application
program.
Breadth of Support of Information
Systems
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Functional area information systems
Enterprise resource planning systems
Transaction processing systems
Interorganizational information systems
Information Systems Support for
Organization Employees
 Office automation systems
 Functional area information systems
 Business intelligence systems
 Expert Systems
 Dashboards
2.2 Competitive Advantage and
Strategic Information Systems
 Competitive Advantage
 Strategic Information Systems (SIS)
Strategies for Competitive Advantage
 Cost Leadership
 Differentiation
 Innovation
 Operational Effectiveness
 Customer-orientation
2.3 Why are Information Systems
Important to Organizations & Society
 IT will reduce the number of middle
managers.
 IT will change the manager’s job.
 IT impacts employees at work.
 IT provides quality-of-life improvements.
Managing Information Resources
 Which IT Resources are Managed and By
Whom?
 The Role of the IS Department
Traditional Major IS Functions
 Managing systems development and systems project
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management
Managing computer operations
Staffing, training, developing IS skills
Providing technical services
Infrastructure planning, development, control
New (Consultative) IS Functions
 Initiating and designing strategic information systems
 Incorporating the Internet and e-commerce into the business
 Managing system integration
 Educating non-IS managers about IT
 Educating IS staff about the business
 Supporting end-user computing
 Partnering with executives
 Managing outsourcing
 Innovate
 Ally with vendors and IS departments in other organizations
Supporting End Users
One form of end-user support is the help desk, where
IS staffers help users troubleshoot problems with
their systems.
This video shows the first help desk.