Science Starter
1. List the 5 senses
2. What is the difference between the central nervous
system and the peripheral nervous system?
3. What do anterior and posterior mean?
Today’s Agenda
• Science Starter
• Neuron Foldable (30 minutes)
• Nervous System Anatomy
• Cranial Nerves Practice
• Exit Quiz
Neuron Review  FOLDABLE!
1. Label
2. Describe the structures and their functions in
the boxes
3. Color the foldable
4. Place it in your binder with your Unit 3 notes!
**Use your notes, internet, and book (ch.7) to complete
today during class**
Neuron Review
Unit 3: The Nervous System
Objective 3.4: Nervous System Anatomy
Peripheral Nervous System
The spinal nerves comes out of the spine, and the
cranial nerves come out of the brain directly.
A. The 12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves
Figure 14.8
I. OLFACTORY
Sense of smell
II. OPTIC NERVE
Transmits information from the eye’s retina. VISION
III. Oculomotor Nerve
Controls most of the muscles of the eye
that move the eyeball.
IV. Trochlear Nerve
Innervates an extrinsic eye muscle, eyelid
V. Trigeminal Nerve
This is the main sensory nerve of the face. It has a large
branch that passes through the foramen of the skull. It
has three parts.
VI: Abducens
Controls one of the eye muscles (lateral rectus).
VII. Facial Nerve
●Innervates the muscles of facial
expression.
●BELL’S PALSY is damage of the facial
nerve causing paralysis on one side.
VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
Hearing and balance. (also called Auditory nerve)
IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
●pharynx, tongue
●swallowing, speech, saliva
X. Vagus Nerve
●(vagrant = “wanders”) - the
only cranial nerve that
travels into the abdomen.
●This is the most important
cranial nerve because it
innervates all of the organs
in the thoracic and
abdominal cavities
XI. ACCESSORY NERVE
●Enters the skull through foramen magnum
●It just supplies the shoulder muscles.
XII. HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE
●Supplies the tongue.
●Damage causes impairment of speech.
I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Occulomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
sense of smell
sight
move eyelids
move eyes
face, jaw, chewing
eyes
VII. Facial
facial expressions
VIII. Vestibulocochlear sense of equilibrium,
(Auditory)
hearing
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal
pharynx, tongue
major organs, viscera
shoulders
tongue
Need to know all of the cranial nerves ?
On Old Olympus
Towering Top A
Fin And German
Viewed A Hop
B. Spinal Nerves
I. Cervical nerves- neck, shoulder, arms
II. Thoracic nerves- chest, trunk, abdominal
III. Lumbar nerves- butt, thigh, leg movement
IV. Sacral nerves- lower body sensation
V. Coccygeal nerves- tail bone
ROOTS
Each nerve emerges from the
spinal cord at points called
ROOTS
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Ventral root ganglion
C. Spinal Nerve Roots
• Afferent Nerve (AT): Towards the central nervous
system, sensory information, dorsal (back)
• Efferent Nerve (EXIT): Away from the central nervous
system, motor information, ventral (front)
Cranial Nerves Worksheet
• Color code the front of the worksheet using any
colors you choose
• Answer the questions on the back by matching
the nerve with its description!
Exit Quiz
1. How many cranial nerves are there?
2. How many of the cranial nerves are associated with
the eyes?
3. You lose feeling in your legs, which of the 5 spinal
nerves could be effected?
4. Describe how a sensation results in movement using
the terms: afferent/efferent, spinal cord, skin, muscle