CHAPTER 16: WORLD
WAR LOOMS
Dictators in Europe
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE: SECTION ONE
NATIONALISM GRIPS EUROPE AND ASIA
O Postwar Europe experiences Depression and
democracies collapse
O Dictators promise nationalism and
expansion
O Problems with the Treaty of Versailles*
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
O Joseph Stalin*
O Gets rid of private farms and makes them
into collective farms
O Soviet Union became a powerful nation with
his “five year” plans*
O Death toll in the millions due to
restructuring, famine, and mistrust
O Totalitarian*
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
O Benito Mussolini*
O Establishes the Fascist Party based on
fascism*
O Marched to Rome with the “Black Shirts”
O Made head of govt. and called himself Il
Duce
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
O Adolf Hitler*
O Becomes Der Fuhrer and writes Mein Kampf
O Nazism*
O Aryan race is superior, while inferior races are
meant to serve
O Looked for living space for new German empire
O 1. Nazi party gains strength
2. Hitler becomes Chancellor
3. Est. Third Reich government
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
O Military leaders in Japan seize control of
Manchuria*
O League of Nations condemned Japan; Japan
and Germany quit
O Hitler takes over the Rhineland; Ethiopia
taken over my Mussolini
O League does nothing
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
O Francisco Franco*
O 3,000 Americans fight against Franco, but it
is not enough
O Soviet Union sent equipment and advisors;
Germany and Italy sent equipment and
troops
O Rome-Berlin Axis formed*
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
DICTATORS THREATEN
WORLD PEACE
THE UNITED STATES RESPONDS CAUTIOUSLY
O Americans want to remain isolated
O Neutrality Acts*
O Roosevelt finds a loophole and helps to
supply China
O Roosevelt felt we should take action against
agressors
WAR IN EUROPE: SECTION
TWO
AUSTRIA AND CZECHOSLAVAKIA FALL
O Most Austrians favor Hitler taking over
O Anschluss*
O 3 million German speaking people live in
Sudetenland, Czech.
O Want to annex this country for living space
and resources
O Claim for invasion of the country*
WAR IN EUROPE
GERMAN OFFENSIVE BEGINS
O Meets with France and Britain and promises
that this is the last territory
O Signs the Munich Agreement*
O Winston Churchill proclaims appeasement*
O Afterward, Hitler takes over the rest of Czech
O Poland is the next conquest with the same
reasoning being used
O Nonagression pact signed*
WAR IN EUROPE
O French and British forces sat on the Maginot
Line staring at Germany, waiting for
something to happen
O Soviet Union takes over Estonia, Finland,
Latvia, and Lithuania
O Hitler takes over Denmark and Norway with
the following reasons*
O Proceeds to take over Netherlands, Belgium
and Luxembourg
WAR IN EUROPE
WAR IN EUROPE
FRANCE AND BRITAIN FIGHT ON
O Hitler sneaks around the Allied forces and
goes through NE France
O 400,000 French and British flee to Dunkirk
where they are trapped—330,000 make it to
Britain
O Days later, Italy joins the war and invades S.
France, while Germans close in on Paris in
the north
THE HOLOCAUST
O Jews flee to United States, Britain, France,
and Palestine, but numbers are limited
O Americans do not want refugees for fear of
job competition and spies
HITLER’S FINAL SOLUTION
O Genocide*
O Based on Aryans must be the master race
and it has to be perserved
THE HOLOCAUST
O Targeted Jews, gypsies, Freemasons,
Jehovah’s Witnesses, Catholics, Slavs,
homosexuals, mentally ill, physically ill, and
terminally ill
O Used death squads*
O Ordered into ghettos
O Living conditions terrible: dead bodies, lived
in crowed apartments, forced people to work
long hours in factories
THE HOLOCAUST
THE HOLOCAUST
THE HOLOCAUST
THE HOLOCAUST
THE FINAL STAGE
O Ghettos and concentration camps not
working
O In 1942, death camps were created
O Gas chambers use Zyklon B; gas thousands
of people each day
O Before the gassing*
THE HOLOCAUST
O Bodies deposited in pits at first; it was not
effective
O Created crematoriums*
O Prisoners were also shot, hanged, injected
with poison, or had to be a part of medical
experiments
O Is it on us to solve this problem?
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD
WAR: SECTION FOUR
THE UNITED STATES MUSTERS ITS FORCES
O Cash and carry method*
O Americans are shocked by the Tripartite Pact
and the formation of the Axis Powers*
O Roosevelt asks Congress to increase
spending on national defense and Selective
Service Act begins to train men
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD
WAR
FDR PLANS FOR WAR
O Atlantic Charter*
O Roosevelt, despite disapproval, promises
Churchill that he will push for war
O The United Nations, 26 countries, become
the Allies to fight the Axis Powers
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD
WAR
JAPAN ATTACKS THE UNITED STATES
O Hideki Tojo*
O Seizes unprotected British, French, and
Dutch territories (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
O U.S. cuts off trade and oil with Japan
O Prime Minister Tojo promises the emperor to
keep peace with the Americans
O Yet, ordered the navy to prepare to attack
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD
WAR
O Roosevelt refers to this as “a date which will
live in infamy.”
O Congress approves Roosevelt’s request for
war against Japan
O Three days later, Germany and Italy declare
war against the United States