Chapter 23 Section 2 Notes
1. blitzkrieg − ____________________ war
2. Axis Powers − Germany, Italy, Japan, and other nations that ______________ together during
World War II
3. Allies − Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, and other nations that fought
against the ______________Powers during World War II
4. Winston Churchill − ___________________prime minister during World War II
5. Neutrality Act of 1939 − American law that allowed nations at war to buy U.S. arms if they paid
cash and carried them away on their ____________ ships
6. Tripartite Pact − ___________-__________ agreement establishing an alliance between
Germany, Italy, and Japan
7. Lend-Lease Act − American law that allowed the U.S. to________, __________, _______, or
otherwise provide aid to other nations if doing so helped in the defense of the United States
8. Atlantic Charter − document signed by __________________ and ___________________that
endorsed national self-determination and an international system of general security
How did Americans react to events in Europe and Asia in the early years of World War II?
9. Americans were shocked by ___________________and ___________________ aggression.
10. Yet they remained deeply divided over American _______________________ in another war—
especially as they fought the despair of the Great Depression.
Hopes for peace in Europe faded as it became clear that efforts to appease Hitler had failed.
11. Hitler violated the _______________ ___________, taking over the remainder of Czechoslovakia
12. Germany launched a series of attacks on its neighbors marked by speed and massive
firepower—a __________________________, or “lightning war.”
13. _________________, _________________, _______________, and the _________________
fell. So, too, did __________________.
14. Hitler then turned his fury on ______________________.
15. The ____________ ___ ______________ was waged in the air as pilots fought for control of the
skies.
16. The British hid in shelters and darkened homes as _____________________ rained down.
17. Despite terrible _____________________________, the British held on.
Europe was again at war. In time, major powers around the world joined in alliances.
Axis Powers: __________________, ______________, _________________
Allies:______________, _____________, ____________ __________, _____________ __________,
______________
German Aggression, 1936-1941
18. Many feared that __________________ was unstoppable.
19. In the early days of the war, Congress declared __________________. But as the war raged on
in Europe, the United States began to take steps to support Europe’s democracies.
20. The __________________ _______ ___ _______ contained a cash-and-carry provision favoring
the Allies.
21. The _________________ _________________ ________ provided for a military draft.
22. FDR agreed to give Britain battleships in exchange for ________________ bases.
23. Not everyone agreed with FDR’s _______- ____________position. A loud debate soon raged
between isolationists and interventionists.
As conditions worsened overseas, Roosevelt described what was at stake in an address to Congress.
24. He highlighted four freedoms precious to Americans.
Freedom of _____________________
Freedom of _____________________
Freedom from ______________
Freedom from ______________
25. All of these freedoms, he argued, were threatened by German and Japanese _______________.
26. ______________________ then took another step to aid the British.
27. The ________-_________ ______, symbolically numbered 1776, amounted to an economic
declaration of war.
28. Many people, however, remained divided over American _____________________t in the war.
29. In 1941, Roosevelt and British Prime Minister ________________ ______________ signed the
_____________ _____________, deepening the alliance between the two nations.
30. German ______________________began to fire on American ships supporting the Allies.
31. Roosevelt ordered the navy to ________________the U-boats on sight.
32. War seemed________________________.