APUSH
The shift from Authoritarianism to
Individualism in the American colonies.
African American Proverb
“At first we had the land the white man had the
Bible. Now we have the Bible and they have
the land”
Respond with references to the Native
American - White relations.
Make sure you have
a clear, concise main
Pick one
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1662 Powhatan uprising
Roger Williams
1637 Pequot War
1675 King Phillips/Metacom War
1676 Bacon’s Rebellion
Iroquois nation
idea.
Make sure you have
Specific Factual
Information to
support your claim
The shift from Authoritarianism
to Individualism in the American
colonies.
Remember The Organizing Principal:
Between 1607 and 1763, the British North American
colonies developed experience in, and the expectation
of self-government in the political, religious, economic,
and social aspects of life.
Religion, Politics, Economics
 Martin Luther 1517 Protestant Reformation
 John Calvin - predestination Calvinism
 Henry VIII of England - Anglican Church of
England
Beer and the Mayflower
 The Mayflower is headed for Virginia…but
ends up putting ashore at Plymouth rock.
 One Pilgrim’s diary explains why: “We could
not take time for further search or
consideration, our victuals being much spent,
especially our beer.”
 Once ashore, they promptly erected a brewhouse…. They needed to make a beer run!
Puritans/Separatists -Plymouth 1621
 Va. Company - Mayflower Compact
(squatters submitting to will of majority)
 Wm Bradford
 1691 merge w/
Mass. Bay colony
Keeps the rabble
from rebelling
Covenant Theology
“Covenant of Grace”:
 between Puritan communities and God.
“Social Covenant”:
 Between members of Puritan communities with each
other.
 Required mutual watchfulness.
 No toleration of deviance or disorder.
 No privacy.
Puritans - Mass. Bay Colony 1629
We shall be as a city on a hill. The
eyes of all people are upon us.
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Successful. John Winthrop - City on a Hill - holy society
Covenant w/ God - “freedmen” of congregation - Congregational
Church. Larger voting pop. of males than in England. Still not a
“democracy”
“visible saints” only eligible for church membership and they =
freedmen
Purpose of gov’t was to enforce God’s laws to all ppl
Everyone paid taxes to gov’t supported church
BIBLE COMMONWEALTH
John Cotton - defending duty of gov’t to enforce religious rules
Power of preachers not absolute - hired/fired by congregation
Can’t hold political office (historical fear) separation of church and
state
Protestant work ethic
Colonizing New England
Puritan “Rebels” & Rhode Island
 Rhode Island -
Religious toleration.
civil gov’t has no authority
to regulate religious
behavior.
Threatens patriararchal
society
If holy life no sure sign of
salvation then truly saved
shouldn’t even bother to
obey law of God and man antinomianism -
sewer. No religious
compulsory oaths. No
compulsory attendance at
church, no taxes to support
state church - manhood
suffrage. - traditional home
of the other wise minded.
Royal Charter 1644.
Connecticut 1630
 Dutch and English
 Puritans led by Rev. Thomas Hooker
 1639 Fundamental Orders
Puritans vs. Indians
 1621 Plymouth befriended by Wampanoag
Indians - Squanto & Massasoit
 1637 Pequot War English vs. Pequot tribe Connecticut River
 Puritans criticized in Europe - conversion
pushed
 1675 Metacom aka King Philip War - alliance
among diff. tribes. Metacom captured - head
displayed. He did slow the western march of
settlers but natives no longer posed a threat
A Pequot
Village
Southern
New
England
TheDestroyed,
Pequot
Wars:
1636-1637
1637
Indian Tribes, 1636
Population Comparisons:
England
Colonies, 1650
New New
England
v. the Chesapeake
Unity?
 1643 New England Confederation.
 England in civil war
 Purpose to band against natives, French, Dutch;
also intercolonial runaways
 Each member (regardless of size) 2 votes
(populous Mass. didn’t like this)
 Puritan club
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Mass. Bay
Plymouth
Connecticut New Haven
Connecticut valley settlements
No Rhode Island
No Maine settlements
Unity Gone?
 1660 English crown restored under Charles
II, James II, Wm and Mary
 Colonial defiance
 1662 Charles II gave rival Connecticut sea-tosea charter
 1663 Rhode Island sanctioned
 1684 Mass Bay Colony’s charter revoked
First American Revolution?
 1686 Dominion of New England
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Not homegrown NE Confederation - this is royal
All NE plus NY as well as E and W Jersey
England did it to bolster defense ag. Indians
England did it to make efficient administration of
Navigation Laws
 Colonial rivalries; stitch colonies to motherland; no trade
with non-English countries
 Smuggling becomes honorable
 Autocratic Sir Edmund Andros
 Open affiliation with despised Church of England
Dominion of New England
 Autocratic Sir Edmund Andros
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Curbed town meetings
Restricted court, press, schools
Revoked land titles
No popular assembly - tax w/out representation
Surpress smuggling
 1688-1689 Glorious Revolution in England
 Wm and Mary
 Dominion of New England collapses
New Mass.?
 Glorious Revolution didn’t mean much
besides Andros leaving
 1691 new royal charter again - new
permanent royal gov’t
 Loss ancient charter
 Now voting not just church members but all
male property owners
Glorious Revolution
 Wm and Mary meant “salutory neglect”
 But
 More English officials remain due to Charles II)
 They were often corrupt and loyal to England
 Not locally elected
Settling the Middle
[or “Restoration”] Colonies
Founded in the 1660s by:
 Friends of British King Charles II.
 Land speculators.
 Middle class farmers & craftsmen.
More Like Later America Than
Other Regions!
Economic diversity.
Large cities à more cosmopolitan
culture.
Some slavery [6%-12% of the
population].
Ethnic and religious diversity.
Religious toleration.
“Bread Colonies.”
New Netherland - New York
 Dutch East India
company in East
Asia
 Henry Hudson
 Dutch West India
company in New
Netherland
 New Amsterdam was
company town
 Don’t care for religious,
political tolerance
 Strongly aristocratic
New Netherland and
Neighbors
 Hostile natives
 Hostile New England esp
Connecticut
 New Sweden on Delaware River
trespassed on New Netherland
land
 1655 Dutch wiped out New
Sweden led by Peter Stuyvesant
 1664 Stuyvesant surrender to
Duke of York
 New Amsterdam becomes New
York
Pennsylvania
 Dissenters - Quakers
(Religious Society of
Friends) - dissent against
religious and civil authority
 Use “thees and thous” rather
than titles
 All children of God
 Abhorred strife
The “Holy Experiment”
Pennsylvania
 1681 William Penn granted immense territory
by King
 Best advertised colony
 Liberal land policy
 Traded and treated Indians fairly.
 Liberal regime
 Representative assembly elected by
landowners
 No tax supported state church drained coffers
 Freedom of worship was guaranteed to all
(except Jews/Catholics)
Pennsylvania
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No provision for military defense
No restrictions on immigrations
Did have “blue laws”
Rich ethnic mix
Fast growing colony
LEGACY: new commonwealth. Based on civil
and religious liberty. Based on freedom fo
conscience and worship
Ethnic Groups
1670-1680 Crisis
Iroquois Lands & European Trade Centers
King Philip’s War,
1675 – 1676)
From Authoritarianism to Individualism
 Great Awakening
 Enlightenment
Powerpoint show
From Authoritarianism to
Individualism
 Puritan Farmer from Massachusetts in 1640
 Baptist seaman in Rhode Island in 1740
 Scholar of the Enlightenment at he College of
William and Mary in Virginia in 1765.
Compose paragraphs that characterize the thinking of
your character on each of the points listed below:
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His concept of God
The individual’s reason for existence
The individual’s relationship to God
The need for education
The individual’s role in government
The individual’s responsibility for improving society
Sequential Worksheet
Homework
 Carefully write out the question on the
SFI worksheet provided.
 Complete the SFI for Friday
“To what extent did the 3 regions of colonial America
develop separate societies in the years prior to the
American Revolution?”