Mesosphere
Centrosphere
Sial: name given to continental
crust
Sima: name given to the oceanic
crust
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Break up of Wegeners’ Pangaea
Evidence in support of continental drift
1. coastline fit
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2. Geological fit
3. paleoclimatology
(study of past climates)
4. Fossil correlation
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Movement on the asthenosphere via
powerful convection currents are the driving
force that propels the plates at a rate of 23cm per year
3types of movement
Diverge
Converge
Tear or strike ship
Divergent Plate Boundaries, Convergent
Plate boundaries, And transforming Plate
Boundaries
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Folding and faulting
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Compression (pushing together)and tension
(pulling apart)
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Anticlines and synclines with compressional
tensions at work
Draw your diagrams !
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1. Brittle fracture is when a rock subjected to
too much stress all at once- breaks
2. Elastic deformation occurs when a rock is
subjected to slow, steady stress and it
changes shape but goes back to original
shape
3. Ductile deformation occurs when rock is
subjected to slow steady stress over a period
of time but is permanently deformed
3 main types of Rock are:
 Igneous: Magma hardens it forms a rock type
b)Ocean crust igneous rocks are basalts and
gabbros or continental curst igneous rocks
 Sedimentary rocks- small particles settle
compacting into
 Metamorphic rocks – intense heat and
pressure via lithification
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Draw the rock cycle on page 12
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Hot spring and geysers are commonly seen in
volcanic regions where hot magma is close to
the earth’s surface.
Geysers are similar to hot springs the only
difference is that water is released with more
force than hot springs.
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Non-renewable
Created from the remains of ancient living
organisms.
Coal forms from the remains of buried plant
matter. Over a LOT of time coal is formed
Peat
lignite
anthracite
Bituminous and
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Oil forms from the remains of microscopic
sea creatures that died and settled to the
ocean floor.
Perfect areas for such a process are
continental shelves.
1-2 million years of pressure and heat from
compacted sediment
The final product of this transformation is
natural gas
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When stress-deformed rock breaks or release
pressure by elastic rebound and suddenly
shift position, severe shaking of the ground
may occur.
Shaking is caused by seismic waves, which
originate at the location where the fracture
and resulting sudden shift in rock occurred.
The exact point in the earth where rock
fracture occurs is known as the focus.
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the underground movement of magma, as in the
case of an active volcano.
Small earthquakes may occur when land masses
sink or rise due to adjustment in their weight.
Ex) Isostatic readjustment would be filling of large
dam reservoirs. The weight of the water causes
the weight of the earth to subside
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the removal of deep pockets of ground water
can cause earth tremors.
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Most occur along plate boundaries
When one grinds against another
Pg 15 has some examples When you are finished drawing your
diagrams:
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3kinds of waves:
Compression wave-compression and
expanding the ground-fastest- 1st to reach
recording stations
Shear wave- ripples through calm waterslower than compression-travels in a side to
side motion
Surface wave- also like ripple, responsible for
shaking, causes the most damage.
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Ground motion
Fire
Landslides
Liquifacation
Tsunamis
Pg 16
In 5 groups explain which hazard is most
dangerous
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On 1 piece of blank paper represent the earthquake.
1. what happened (to people, area) /2
2. what did it measure on the Richter scale?/1
3. After math, did anything occur as a result? Explain. / 3
4. How did the plates move? / 1
5. Reaction( yours or the community’s) /2
- Images or appearance of presentation /1
 Step 2- Tell the people in your group about the earthquake. Ask 1
question to someone who told you about an earthquake they
researched.
 (write the question you asked and the answer on your sheet after
the mini presentations)
 Hand in you mini presentation if you did not have a question then
write an interesting fact your didn’t already know