How to pursue scholarship through
your Daily Academic Work?
Darshana Shah, PhD.
Professor of Pathology
Associate Dean, Office of Faculty Affairs &
Professional Development
Overview
 Know the definitions of scholarship
 Understand the types of scholarship
 Get an idea on how to formulate and answer research
questions
 See the opportunities for scholarship within your everyday
activities (clinical, teaching)
 Come away with one idea for scholarship that you will
pursue !!!!!
Power of reframing
What do you see?
An old woman with a large nose looking down with
her chin nuzzled in a fur coat?
Or do you see an attractive young woman looking
away?
This image clearly demonstrates how two different,
almost opposite, meanings can come from the exact same
picture.
Now shifting from drawings to daily activity in academia:
with a simple reframe, it is possible to pursue scholarship
from your routine work.
Reframing our thinking
about our daily activity in academia
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Examining critically the various aspects of our work
Developing and testing new theories
Questioning what we do
Finding answers through empirical investigation
Improving the way we teach, deliver services,
implement interventions, and find links between health
outcomes and lifestyle
Expanded Definition of Scholarship
 Scholarship of Discovery: where new and unique
knowledge is generated
 Scholarship of Application: building bridges between
theory and practice
 Scholarship of Integration: where new relationships
among disciplines are discovered
 Scholarship of Teaching: where the teacher creatively
builds bridges between his or her own understanding and
the students' learning
Boyer, 1990“Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate “
Scholarship redefined…
 Research is only one form of scholarship
 Educational scholarship can be:
 Documented as tangible products
 Peer reviewed for quality
 Disseminated publicly
 Non-manuscript products of educational scholarship
should be valued in institutional reward systems
Boyer, 1990“Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate “
Scholarship of Education:
Definition
 Builds upon the process of scholarly teaching
 Requires:
• “Product” (manuscript-equivalent)
• Peer review for quality
• Public dissemination to learn from or build upon
Hutchings and Shulman, 1999
What makes our contributions scholarly?
Glassick Criteria
1. Clear goals
2. Adequate preparation
3. Appropriate methods
4. Meaningful results
5. Effective presentation
(within a community; enables “peer review”)
6. Reflective critique
Glassick CE. Acad Med.
2000 Sep;75(9):877-80.
Scholarship Excellence:
The Glassick Criteria
Glassick CE. Acad Med.
2000 Sep;75(9):877-80.
Educational Scholarly Product Examples
 Instructional materials
 Web-based and other teaching modules (students/patients)
 Syllabi, CDs, DVDs
 Educational leadership
 Program development
 Course development/innovative revision
 Evaluation tools
 Development
 Assessment
Finding your Research Question?
 The source of the question can be your own everyday experience—
clinical work, teaching, observation of students/residents during
clinical rotation, etc.
 Examples
 Educational Scholarship– Asking questions about your
teaching/learning/course/Clerkship/program
 Clinical Scholarship– Asking questions about the medical care your
institution provides—questions related to improving the quality of
programs, services, etc.
In Summary
Why should we engage in scholarship?
To improve the way we teach
To improve what and how our students learn
To improve our clinical care
To improve the outcomes that patients experience
To make a difference in the health problems in our
environment
 To help us succeed in an academic health center
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Scholarship is ….
Effective Dissemination of your work
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Publish in a Medical Education Journal
Publish in a Specialty Journal
Publish in a Higher Education Journal
Workshops at Professional Meetings
MedEdPORTAL (www.aamc.org/mededportal)
Journals that publish medical education work
Medical Education and Health Professions Education Journals
Academic Medicine (2.338)
Advances in Health Sciences Education: Theory and Practice (1.412)
Advances in Physiology Education (1.542)
BMC Medical Education (1.04*)
Canadian Medical Education Journal
Clinical Teacher (0.443*)
Education for Health: Change in Learning & Practice
Evaluation & the Health Professions (1.140)
Focus on Health Professional Education (0.882*)
Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Practice
Journal of Cancer Education
Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions (1.000)
Journal of Graduate Medical Education
Journal of Health Professions Education
Journal of Surgical Education
Journal of the International Association of Medical Science Educators
Medical Education (2.696)
Medical Education Development
Medical Education Online
Medical Teacher (1.333)
Perspectives on Medical Education
Postgraduate Medical Journal (1.384)
Simulation in Healthcare (1.667)
Teaching and Learning in Medicine (0.741)
References
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Boyer, E. Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of theProfessoriate. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1990.
Glassick, C. et al., Scholarship Assessed: Evaluation of the Professoriate. Acad Med. 2000
Sep;75(9):877-80.
Huber MT, Cox M. Work that Matters Should be Work that Counts CARNEGIE FOUNDATION
PERSPECTIVES -- February 2004
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/perspectives/ Hutchings P. A different way to think about
…Improved teaching: Building a better conversation about learning. CARNEGIE FOUNDATION
PERSPECTIVES -- January 2004 The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of
Teachinghttp://www.carnegiefoundation.org/perspectives/
Fincher RM, Simpson DE, et al Acad Med. 2000 Sep;75(9):887-94.
Advancing Educators and Education: Defining the Components and Evidence of Educational
Scholarship
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https://members.aamc.org/eweb/upload/Advancing%20Educators%20and%20Education.pdf