ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ
Ανώτατο Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Πειραιά
Τεχνολογικού Τομέα
Ξένη Ορολογία
Ενότητα 4: The Accounting Process
Ευαγγελία Κουτσογιάννη
Τμήμα Λογιστικής & Χρηματοοικονομικής
Άδειες Χρήσης
• Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό υπόκειται σε άδειες
χρήσης Creative Commons.
• Για εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, όπως εικόνες, που υπόκειται
σε άλλου τύπου άδειας χρήσης, η άδεια χρήσης
αναφέρεται ρητώς.
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Χρηματοδότηση
• Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια
του εκπαιδευτικού έργου του διδάσκοντα.
• Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα στο Ανώτατο
Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Πειραιά Τεχνολογικού Τομέα» έχει
χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο την αναδιαμόρφωση του
εκπαιδευτικού υλικού.
• Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού
Προγράμματος «Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και
συγχρηματοδοτείται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό
Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από εθνικούς πόρους.
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Σκοποί ενότητας
In this section you will learn
• the language you need to understand the basics
of an accounting system
- explain what accounting is
- discuss the accounting equation and the concept
of double-entry bookkeeping
- the steps of the accounting cycle
• how to express increase and decrease
• how to use the passive form of verbs
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The Accounting Process
Accounting Defined
•
Accounting is the process of systematically collecting,
analyzing, and reporting financial information about a
business entity to a broad range of users, such as
shareholders, government or bank officials, and managers.
•
Accounting is often confused with bookkeeping, which is a
mechanical process that records the routine financial
activities of a business. Accounting includes bookkeeping but
goes well beyond its scope. Accountants prepare financial
statements, conduct audits, design accounting systems,
prepare forecasts and budgets, and provide tax services.
Accounting Defined Glossary
• accounting: art of analyzing the financial position and operating results of
a business/ λογιστική
• report: to give an account (of); describe /αναφέρω, συντάσσω έκθεση
πάνω σε κάτι
• business entity: an organization that has a legal identity separate from
those of its members/επιχειρηματική οντότητα
• shareholder: a holder of shares, especially in a corporation/ μέτοχος
• bookkeeping: the work or skill of keeping account books or systematic
records of money transactions / τήρηση λογιστικών βιβλίων
• audit: an inspection, correction, and verification of business accounts,
conducted by an independent qualified accountant/ λογιστικός έλεγχος
• forecast: prediction; calculation in advance/ πρόβλεψη
• budget: an itemized summary of expected income and expenditure of a
country, company, etc, over a specified period, usually a financial year/
προυπολογισμός
• tax: a sum of money demanded by a government, levied upon incomes,
property, sales, etc./ φόρος
The Accounting Equation
•
Businesses usually own assets. Assets are things that can be
used to generate revenue through the sale of goods and
services. Assets include cash, inventory, buildings, equipment,
patents, and the like.
• All assets of a business are either owned by the business owners
or are subject to the claims of creditors. Creditors include
anyone who has loaned money or extended credit to the
business. Loans and other forms of extended credit are called
liabilities. The portion of assets not subject to claims by creditors
is called equity.
• In the GAAP framework there must be a continuous equilibrium
between assets on the one side and the total of liabilities and
equity on the other side. This is represented by the fundamental
equation of accounting:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
The Accounting Equation Glossary
• accounting equation: the basis for the accounting process/
λογιστική εξίσωση
• assets: the items of value that a company owns/ το
ενεργητικό μιας επιχείρησης
• liabilities: a company’s debts and obligations-what it owes to
others/ το παθητικό μιας επιχείρησης
• equity: the interest of shareholders in a company/ καθαρή
θέση μιας επιχείρησης
• equilibrium: a state of rest or balance due to the equal action
of opposing forces/ κατάσταση ισορροπίας
Double-Entry Bookkeeping
Under the double-entry system every
business transaction is recorded in at least
two accounts to maintain the balance
shown in the accounting equation. One
account will receive a "debit" entry,
meaning the amount will be entered on the
left side of that account. Another account
will receive a "credit" entry, meaning the
amount will be entered on the right side of
that account. Although the system is
referred to as double-entry, a transaction
may involve more than two accounts. An
example of a transaction that involves
three accounts is a company's loan
payment to its bank of $300. This
transaction will involve the following
accounts: Cash, Notes Payable, and Interest
Expense
Double-Entry Bookkeeping Glossary
• account: accounting records of financial
transactions/λογαριασμός
• double-entry: the term means that every transaction affects
at least two accounts/ διπλογραφία
• debit: acknowledgment of a sum owing by entry on the left
side of an account/ χρέωση
• credit: acknowledgment of an income, liability, or capital item
by entry on the right-hand side of an account /πίστωση
• entry: the act of entering or recording something in a book/
καταχώρηση σε λογιστικά βιβλία
The Accounting Cycle
Raw data are transformed into financial statements in five
steps. The first three –analysis, journalizing, and posting- are
performed throughout the accounting period. The other two –
preparation of the trial balance and financial statements at the
end of the accounting period.
The Accounting Cycle Glossary
• financials: data about a company contained in source documents,
such as receipts, invoices etc./οικονομικές συναλλαγές
• journalize: the recording of a transaction in a journal/καταχωρώ στο
ημερολόγιο
• journal: a chronological record of business transactions/ημερολόγιο
• ledger: the complete collection of all of the accounts of a
company/καθολικό
• posting: the process of transferring journal entries to the
ledger/καταχώριση στο καθολικό
• trial balance: a summary of the balances of all general ledger
accounts at the end of the accounting period/ (δοκιμαστικό)
ισοζύγιο
Τέλος Ενότητας