Draw the Outline—11 petals
Countercultures and Movements
of the Sixties
‘‘Flower Power’’ and Our Favorite
Causes
Music of a Movement: Bob Dylan
• Blowin’ in the Wind
• Like a Rolling Stone
• The Times, They are a
Changin’
Personal issues became
political issues and
political issues became
personal issues
I. Black Nationalism/Black Power
• The Black Power Movement advocated personal,
political and economic control of African American
lives
• MLK—SCLC--Nobel Prize in 1965—assassinated in 1968
• Malcolm X—Nation of Islam (assassinated in 1965)
• Stokely Carmichael—SNCC
• Huey Newton—Black Panthers
II. Women’s Liberation—Equal Rights
Movement
• Feminism—theory of social, political, and
economic equality of men and women
• Education: College Degrees for women
1950—25%
1970—43%
• Economics—Women made significantly less
money than men
• Marriage—average age in 1960—19
Landmarks in Women’s Rights
• Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique—1963
• Friedan was first President of National Organization
of Women (NOW)—1966
‘‘The problem lay buried, unspoken, for many years
in the minds of American women. It was a
strange stirring, a sense of dissatisfaction, a
yearning that women suffered….Each suburban
wife struggled with it alone. As she made the
beds, shopped for groceries, matched slipcover
material, ate peanut butter sandwiches with her
children, chauffeured Cub Scouts and Brownies,
lay beside her husband at night—she was afraid
to ask even of herself the silent question— ‘Is this
all?’’’
Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique
‘‘ Ms. ’’
• MS Magazine was started by Gloria Steinem
• Equal Pay Act—1963
• Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Title IX
• Affirmative Action
• EEOC—Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
• The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974
• The Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade—1973
• Equal Rights Amendment proposed in 1972—died in 1982
after passage by less than 38 states (Texas passed it)
Hitting the ‘‘Glass Ceiling’’
III.
Native Americans
• AIM—American Indian Movement—founded in
1968
• Efforts to reclaim Native culture that was
hindered by years of boarding school educations
• Occupation of Alcatraz--1969-70 for 19 months
• March on Washington—1972
• Occupation of Wounded Knee—71 day stand-off
In 1973, Brando
turned down the
Oscar, citing that
Hollywood needed
to improve the
image of the
Native American in
films.
Tribal Life
• Oil development
• Casinos
• Federal and tribal law
IV. Latinos—Chicano Movement
• Cesar Chavez, Dolores
Huerta, and the
United Farm Workers
led national boycotts
• Hector Garcia, Civil Rights
Leader in Texas
Court Cases
• Mendez v. Westminster (1947)—repealed school
segregation laws for children of all races in California
• Delgado v. Bastrop (1948)—stopped segregation of
Mexican-American children in Texas schools
• Hernandez v. Texas (1954)—Mexican Americans, though
not a separate race, were still entitled to protections of the
14th Amendment
• White v. Regester (1973)--required legislative districts of
Mexican American barrios to elect their own candidates
into office
• Edgewood v. Kirby (1984)—required changes in school
finance to increase funding for students in poorer school
districts.
Other concerns…
•
•
•
•
Bilingual education
fair pay
Political clout
Immigration
• Note: Immigration Law of 1965 allowed equal
numbers of people from all continents (good
for Asia and Africa, bad for Latin America)
V. Free Speech Movement and
Students for a Democratic Society
Effects on college life
• Student government
• Co-ed dorms
• Relevant courses
VI.
The Anti-War Movement
• College Demonstrations
• The Draft
• Draft dodgers
• Summer of Love—1967
• Woodstock—1969
• Kent State—1970
• Disenfranchisement
• 26th Amendment--1971
Read “Bill’s Dilemma”
VII. Environmentalists
• Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring
• Pesticides and Food laws
• ‘‘Don’t mess with Texas’’
• Clean Air Act
• Earth Day—April 22
• Anti-Emissions Legislation
• Alternative Energy
• Recycling
VIII. Americans With Disabilties Act
(passed in 1973, amended 1990)
• Access to all public buildings required
• Amenities in restrooms, public buildings,
classrooms
• Special programs in education, health care
fields etc.
IX. Education Changes
• Head Start
• Public Television
• Federal grants for arts and sciences
• Teaching the individual
• Texas— “no pass no play”
• State testing requirements
• “No child left behind” G.W.Bush
• “Race to the Top” Obama
X. Gay Rights
• The law
• 1960s and 70s
• 1980s and AIDS
• 90s and 2000s
• Windsor v. U.S.
• As of 2014, fourteen states have legalized gay marriage
(Texas is not one of them)
XI. Consumer Advocacy
• Unsafe at Any Speed—book by Nader
• Ralph Nader—spokesman for consumer rights
and third party presidential candidate in 90s and
2000
• Federal Consumer Advocate—recent
appointment
Everybody has a cause…
• Animal rights
• Pro-Life/Pro-Choice
Terms
• 3. Chicanos—Mexican-Americans
• 5. Credibility Gap—lack of confidence by the public that the
federal government is telling the truth (especially about the war
in Vietnam)
• 7. The Establishment—the existing power structure in society
• 8. Title IX— “no one shall, because of sex, be denied the benefits
of any educational program or activity that receives federal aid”
• 9. Job Corps—federal job training program for disadvantaged
youths
• 10. Equal Pay Act—requires businesses to pay women the same
as men
• 11. Roe v. Wade (1973)—Supreme Court ruling declaring that
abortion is legal