1) All species concepts, at least in
animals and plants, to some degree
rely upon
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A) genetic barriers such as polyploidy
B) morphologically distinguishable taxa
C) minimal gene flow across taxa
D) ecological differentiation
E) cryptic species
2) Speciation requires
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A) divergence
B) allopatry
C) gene flow
D) vicariance
E) hybrid sterility
3) Discrete ecological resources favor
• A) a single generalist species
• B) divergent specialist species
• C) assortative mating by ecological resource
type
• D) disruptive selection
• E) all of the above except A
4) Haldane’s rule
• A) implies polyploidy
• B) implies an interaction between autosomes
and sex chromosomes
• C) applies 100% of the time in all animal
groups
• D) is the observation that the heterogametic
sex is the one more likely to be fertile in
interspecific crosses
• E) does not apply to birds
5) reinforcement
• A) is the idea that selection favors assortative
mating because of the low fitness of hybrid
matings
• B) implies that ecological and genetic divergence
occurs after divergence in mating displays and
behaviors
• C) can only take place in allopatric species pairs
• D) promotes divergence in ecology
• E) all of the above