Youth Entrepreneurship Development in
Conflict Affected Environments Programme
Yes… Entrepreneurship!
But Where To Begin?
Vin Morar
Entrepreneurship Development: Actors, Instruments & Driving Forces
ACTORS
INSTRUMENTS
DRIVING FORCES
OBJECTIVES
General Policy Framework
Private Sector
Regulatory Framework
Macro
Government
Meso
Micro
Associations
Infrastructure
Business
Development
Facilitating Institutions:
Finance
New Jobs
Facilitating Institutions:
Business Support Services
Wealth
Creation
Technical & Management
Skills
(Employer/Employee)
Business Culture
Entrepreneurship Development: Driving Forces
• Policy for SSE development
• Policy co-ordination
• Macroeconomic environment
• Political situation
Regulatory Framework
• Licensing/registration
• Taxes
• Commercial laws
Infrastructure
• Industrial sites/Incubators
• Power
• Telecommunication
• Roads/rail
Facilitating Institutions:
Finance
• Investment capital
• Working capital
• formal / informal financing
Facilitating Institutions:
Business Support Services
• Information
• Training & advice
• Technology
• Market linkages
Technical & Mgmt Skills
Business Culture
Catalysts
Enabling Environment
General Policy Framework
Regional
Growth
Survival
Time
Start-Up
Graduates
Youths
Schools & Colleges
DEVELOPMENT
Internationalisation
INITIATION
International
Intrapreneurship
CULTURE
National
Development agencies/Intermediaries/Researchers/
Policy makers/Trainers/Advisers/Government
STAKEHOLDERS
Entrepreneurship – A holistic development model
Mission
SPARK develops higher education and entrepreneurship
to empower young, ambitious people to lead their conflict
affected societies into prosperity.
The Learning Pyramid and Enterprise
Rationale for Enterprise
Kinesthetic
LECTURE
READING
5%
10%
AUDIO-VISUAL
20%
DEMONSTRATION
30%
DISCUSSION GROUP
50%
PRACTICE BY DOING
75%
TEACH OTHERS/IMMEDIATE USE OF LEARNING
90%
KNOWLEDGE RETENTION RATE
ENTERPRISE
ACTIVE
TRADITIONAL
PASSIVE
Didactic
National Training Laboratories
Bethel, Maine, USA
Audiovisual Methods in Teaching
Dale Edgar, 1969, New York, USA
Enterprise Pedagogy
Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle
Stage 1
Having an
experience
Stage 4
Planning the
next steps
Stage 2
Reviewing the
experience
Stage 3
Concluding from
the experience
Yes… Entrepreneurship!
But Where To Begin?
Conclusions
Given the challenges and uncertainties within conflict
affected countries, Entrepreneurship development
should begin by creating:
a) An enabling environment via appropriate macro,
meso and micro initiatives
b) An enterprising culture via appropriate enterprise
education pedagogies