AP World History
1750 – 1914 Overview
(Periodization Question:
Why 1750 –1914?)
Industrialization changed Production

Britain was the center (
geography, distribution of coal and iron, demographic
changes/urbanization, B. entrepreneurialism access to foreign resources through colonialism, capitalism)




Factories and fossil fuel-based machines
Colonialism = search for raw materials &
markets – new patterns of trade, capitalism
and “New Imperialism” (China, India)
IR contributed to decline of agriculturallybased economies
Mining imp – gold/silver/diamonds (
S. Africa,)

Changes in Global Commerce,
Communication and Technology
Modes of Transportation/ communication


Impact of railroad, steam, telegraph
Suez Canal, Panama Canal
Changes in Global Commerce,
Communication and Technology

Industrial Revolution: Financial Institutions, Responses
Rationale of capitalism – Adam Smith, laissez-faire
 Stock market expansion, transnational businesses
 Impact of I.R. on family and work
 Relationship of nations during I.R.
Have/have-not’s, nation response (Egypt,
China vs. Japan, Meiji reforms)
 Intellectual responses to I.R. – Marxism,
socialism, utopianism, unions
- govt’s create state pensions, suffrage, education

Power loom
Fatcat
Milltown
Miner
Streetchildren
Demographic/Environmental Changes

Migration – Immigration
Why?
 Where?
Global Urbanization

Women take new roles
Migrant Males (labor)
Prejudice, racism & laws
(Chinese Exclusion Act)
New transplant culture – think IS DBQ, Chinese & railroads,
convict labor in Australia
Demographic and Environmental
Changes
End of Atlantic Slave Trade – capitalism and
Indentured servitude, voluntary migration
 New Birthrate Patterns
 Disease prevention
and eradication
 Food Supply
 Population RISES

Changes in Social and Gender
Structure
Industrial Revolution – women working
and then VICTORIAN ERA: at home
 Commercial developments
 Tension between work patterns and ideas
about gender
 Emancipation of Serfs
Slaves
 Suffrage

Changes in Social and Gender
Structure

Women’s emancipation movements
European women 19th century
Queen Victoria’s
family
British family
in India
Russian peasant family
Nationalism, Revolution, Reform








Enlightenment thought – political & individual rights &
freedoms (Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Montesquieu) – REVOLUTIONS!
New documents (Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Rights of Man)
Abolition of slavery, expanded suffrage
Development of nationalism (language, religion, culture, tdentiity byt erritory)
Revolutions in Americas led to New Imperialism
Anti-colonial movements (Boxer Rebellion) led to reforms
(Tanzimat, Self-strengthening movements) and new ideologies (socialism, communism)
Europeans “self-superiority” – conservatism, new
imperialism, social darwinism
Women’s Rights (Seneca Falls, Declaration of the Rights of Women, Wollstonecraft)
Political Revolutions and
Independence Movements

Revolutions


Why Revolution now?
Where?
United States (1776)
 France (1789)
 Haiti (1803)
 Mexico (1910)
 China (1911)

Political Revolutions and
Independence Movements


Latin American Independence Movements
Why?
Simon Bolivar
Political Revolutions and
Independence Movements
Haitian Revolution
Toussaint
L’Ouverture
Political Revolutions and
Independence Movements
Mexican Revolution
Political Revolutions and
Independence Movements
Chinese Revolution
Dr. Sun Yat Sen
Manchus
New Political Ideas


Rise of Nationalism
Growth of Nation-states/ empires
New Political Ideas

Movements of Political Reform ag. Govt.


Jacobins in France
Taiping Rebellion in China
New Political Ideas

Rise of Democracy and its limitations




Reform
Women
Racism
Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer
Rise of Western Dominance, New
Imperialism & Nation-States
Imperialism/Colonialism:
WHY:3 G’s; economic, national pride, social just.
HOW: Use of force, technology, cures, take
advantage of African rivalries
Changes: “Old” (colonialism) to New Imperialism
ie. African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania


Ethiopia, Liberia and Siam are the only independent
countries
Imperialism & Nation-State Reaction

Industrial powers create transoceanic empires – British
(India), Dutch (Indonesia), American and Japan


Use of warfare & diplomacy to create empires
Europeans establish settler colonies (British in S. Africa, Australia
and New Zealand)

Economic Imperialism (US and Britain in Latin America, Opium Wars in
China, US influence over Tokugawa Japan leads to Meiji Transformation)


Anti-Imperial Resistance Movements
Social Darwinism facilitated and justified
imperialism
Social Darwinism, facilitated & justified imperialism
Rise of Western Dominance
Scramble for Africa
Rise of Western Dominance

Cultural and Political Reactions to western
dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion, racism,
nationalism)






Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration
Russia– Reforms and Rebellions
Siam and Ethiopia-- defensive modernization
China--Boxer Rebellion
Islamic and Chinese responses compared
Impact of Changing European Ideologies on
Colonial Administrations
Rise of Western Dominance

Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji
Restoration
Rise of Western Dominance

China—Boxer Rebellion
Rise of Western Dominance

Economic, Political, Social, Cultural, & Artistic
Ottomans in 19th century – attempts
at reform, but “sick man of Europe”
Young Turk
Revolutionaries
The Last Sultans
CCOT and C&C ideas



Industrial revolution in western Europe and Japan
(causes and early phases)
Revolutions (American, French, Haitian,
Mexican, and Chinese)
Reaction to foreign domination in Ottomans
empire, China, India and Japan.
Comparisons and CCOT

Nationalism – changes/continuities over time;
compare between regions

Difference in forms of intervention in 19th
century Latin America and Africa

Roles and conditions of upper/ middle versus
working/ peasant class women in western Europe
Conclusions



What are the global processes that are at
play? Which have intensified? Diminished?
Predict how the events of the 19th century
are a natural culmination of earlier
developments.
Speculate what historical events in the 19th
century would have most surprised
historians of earlier eras.