Grade 10 Physics: In Motion
MR. KECMAN
What do you guys know?
What we will look at
 Displacement, time, velocity, uniform motion
 Calculate using formulas and graphs
 Relationship between velocity, time, acceleration and
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constant rate
History of Motion
Inertia in car collisions
Forces
Newton's laws
Momentum and Impulse
Friction
Braking Distance
Intro
 Motion:
 Defined as the process of the movement of an object from one
place to another.
 The study of the motion of objects and the forces that
affect their motion is called Mechanics
 Mechanics is divided up into:
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Kinematics
Dynamics
Kinematics
 Is the branch of mechanics concerned with motion
and its direction.
 Kinematics answers these questions:
 Is it moving fast or slow? Is it moving at a constant speed? At
rest?
 What direction is it traveling?
Dynamics
 Is the branch of mechanics dealing with motion of
objects under the action of force.
 Dynamics answers these questions:
 Why is the object speeding up or slowing down?
 How does it turn?
Ways we describe Physics
 Pictures (diagram)
 Words (written statement)
 Numbers (table of values)
 Graphs (plotted points)
 Equations (symbols and math)
Diagram
Written Statement
 1) Eiko skates to school, a total of 4.5 km. She slows
down twice to cross streets, but overall the journey
takers 0.62h. What is her average speed during the
trip?
Table of Values
Position (meters)
Time (seconds)
1m
3s
2m
6s
3m
9s
4m
12s
Graph
Equation
 v = Δd/Δt

->Δd=d -d
2 1
 Δt=t2-t1
 a = ->Δv/Δt

->Δv
= v 2 – v1
Units
 Distance is the amount of ground covered measured
usually in meters.
 We express it in:
 Centimeters (cm)
 Meters (m)
 Kilometers (km)
 Millimeters (mm)
Units
 Time is the duration of an event to take place usually
measured in seconds
 We express time as:
 Seconds (s)
 Minutes (min)
 Hours (hr)
Unit Conversions
 In this unit you will be working with units! You will
have to know how to convert them. Try these:
 Distance:
 1000m = 1km
 Examples:
100cm = 1m 1000mm = 1m
Convert 36m to kms.
 Convert 1.2m to cm

Unit Conversions
 Time:
 1 min = 60 s
 1 hr = 60 min
 1hr = 3600 s
 Examples:
 Convert 35 minutes to seconds
 Convert 4.5 hours to seconds
W.S.
 Unit conversion worksheets
 If you finish those try this website on your device!
 http://www.mathworksheets4kids.com/speed.html
 Try:
 Convert m/sec into km/hr:
 Convert km/hr into m/sec:
Class 2
 On the agenda:
 Distance, position, displacement
 Scalars, vectors
Distance
 We know distance is the amount of ground covered
measured usually in meters.
 We can express it in:
 Centimeters (cm)
 Meters (m)
 Kilometers (km)
 Millimeters (mm)
Distance
 The symbol for distance is:
 d
 When distance has changed by moving around an
object, we must calculate its change. To do this we
use the formula:
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
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Δd=df-di
Δ stands for “delta” and Δd simply means the change in
distance.
Δdtotal=d1+d2+d3…..
Distance Ex.
 Margret drove 15 kilometers to the store, from the
store she drove 5 kilometers to the bank, from the
bank she drove 9 kilometers to her sisters house.
What is the total distance Margret traveled?
Distance
 Distance is simply the amount of ground covered.
(We don’t care how you got there, we just want to
know how far you traveled).
 A real world example would be your car odometer.
Position
 When we talk about traveling, we have to talk about
direction and distances. To understand where you
are, you need a reference point.
 Usually a reference point is your start or point of
origin.
 Direction is needed to determine your position from
the point of origin. The clearest way to communicate
this is writing North (N), East (E), South (S) and
West (W).
Position
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 Your position is the separation and direction from a
reference point.
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Ex. Your position is 152m (W) so verbally we say you are a
hundred and fifty two meters west of the reference point.
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Symbol for position is: ->d
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Position is stated as positive or negative relative to a zero
point.
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Ex. Board line
Displacement
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 Displacement is defined as the change in position.
 The symbol is:
 ->Δd
 Displacement formula is:
 ->Δd=d2-d1
Displacement
 Displacement is expressed as the size of the quantity
(including units) and the direction

Ex. 33m [W]
 It represents the straight-line distance from an initial
position in a given direction
Displacement
 Ex. If you travel 20 km [N] and then 5 km [S]:
 What is your total distance traveled?
 What is your displacement?
Scalars Vs. Vectors
 Scalars:
 Quantities that only have a size.
 Ex. Time (t), distance (m), speed (m/s)
 Vectors:
 Quantities that have both a size and direction.
 The direction is found in a square bracket after the units.
(compass points are used as well as positive and negative)
 Ex. Displacement (m), velocity (m/s)
 To help distinguish between the two, many scientists place an
arrow above vectors.
Drawing Vectors
 A vector drawing can be expressed as a line segment
that represents the size and direction of a vector
quantity.
 Ex.
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Displacement = 15km [W]

Displacement = 25km [S]
Drawing Vectors
 Ex. Anne takes her dog for a walk. They walk 250 m
(W) and then back 215 m (E) before stopping to talk
to a neighbor. Draw a vector diagram to find their
resultant displacement at this point.
Worksheet 2
Class 3
 Go over worksheets
 Any questions?
 Explain graphs activity (slope)
 Moving Man activity
Hand Out
 We will read over it together.
 Try out the back after.
Graphs
 Graphs show quantitative (numerical) information
visually. Its more quick and easy to understand than
a table of values.
 Lets you see patterns. Correct for errors. See the
slope.
 What is slope?
What about slope?
 Slope = rise/run
 In math, the formula for slope is y=mx+b
 In physics, the formula for slope is d = v t
 Lets make a quick small graph to help us see it.
Slope
 y = mx + b
 y = dependent variable
 m = slope of line
 x = independent variable
 b = y-intercept of the line
 d = v t
 d = dependent variable
 v = slope of line
 t = independent variable
Slope
 Slope = rise = (y2 – y1) = distance = m
run
(x2 – x1)
time
s
Moving Man
 Grab the worksheet and try the simulation!
Class 4
 On the agenda:
 Speed, instantaneous speed, constant speed, average speed,
velocity
Speed
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 Speed is how fast something is moving.
 To calculate speed, measure the distance covered
over a specific time.
 Formula for speed v = d/t

v = speed, d = distance, t = time
 Verbally we say that the speed (v) is the distance (d)
divided by the time (t)
Speed
 Don’t forget, speed units are?
 m/s
 Km/h
 Speed is also a scalar quantity
Speed Formula
Speed Example
 Ex. A car travels 220 km in 2.0 hours, what was the
car’s speed?
Average Speed
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 Average speed is equal to the total distance divided
by the total time for a trip.
 Equation: vav= Δd/Δt
 Δd is read as the change in distance (Δd=d2-d1) where d1 is the
first distance measured and d2 is the final distance measured

Δt is read as the change in time (Δt=t2-t1) where t1 is the initial
time and t2 is the final time. t1 is often zero.
Instantaneous speed
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 Instantaneous speed: is the speed at which an
object is traveling at a particular instant. It is not
affected by its previous speed, or by how long it has
been moving.
 Eg. Speedometer.
Constant Speed
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 If the instant speed of something remains the same
over a period of time, then we say that the object is
traveling with constant speed.
 The average speed of an object is the same as its
instantaneous speed if that object is traveling at a
constant rate.
Velocity
 Velocity describes how fast something moves in a
specific direction.
 To calculate velocity, measure the change in position
over a specific time.
 Formula for speed v = ->Δd/t
 ->v
= velocity, ->Δd = displacement, t = time
 Verbally we say that the velocity (->v) is the
displacement (->d) divided by the time (t)
Velocity
 Don’t forget, velocity units are?
 m/s
 Km/h
 Velocity is also a vector quantity
Velocity Examples
 A train travels at a constant velocity through the
countryside and has a displacement of 150 km [E] in
a time of 1.7h. What is the velocity of the train?
 A high school athlete runs 1.00x102 m in 12.20s.
What is the velocity in m/s? and km/h?
Speed Velocity W.S.
Class 5
 Agenda:
 Ticker tap lab
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 A common way of analysing the motion of
objects in physics labs is to perform a ticker
tape analysis.
Kinematics
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 A ticker tape timer consists of an electrical
vibrator which vibrates 60 times per
second.
 The time interval between two adjacent dots
on the ticker-tape is called one tick.
 One tick is equal to 1/60 s or 0.01 s.
Kinematics
example
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Find the number of ticks and the time interval between
the first dot and the last dot on each of the ticker tapes
below. The frequency of the ticker timer is equal to
60Hz.
Kinematics
 The trail of dots provides a history of the object's
motion and is therefore a representation of the object's
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motion.
 The distance between dots on a ticker tape
represents the object's position change during
that time interval.
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A large distance between dots indicates that the object
was moving fast during that time interval.
A small distance between dots means the object was
moving slow during that time interval.
Kinematics
Pattern
Explanations
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The distance between the dots is the
same. It shows that the object is moving
with constant speed.
The distance between the dots is short. It
shows that the speed of the object is low.
The distance between the dots is far. It
shows that the object is moving at a high
speed
Kinematics
 The analysis of a ticker tape diagram will also
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reveal if the object is moving
with a constant
velocity or with a changing velocity
(accelerating).
Kinematics
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Pattern
Explanations
The distance between the dots is
increased. It shows that the speed of the
object increases.
The distance between the dots is
decreased. It shows that the speed of the
object decreases.
Kinematics
Ticker Lab
 Watch me do a ticker tape run and explain what to
do!
 Then it will be your turn.
Ticker Lab
 I will put you into groups of 2/3 for this lab now.
 Everyone is expected to hand in their own individual
work.
 We have 3 ticker timers and cars to play with so we
have to cycle on and off because there aren’t enough
for every group.
 In the mean time, other groups should be making up
their lab report.
Ticker Lab
 All you need is your data from your ticker tape which
shouldn’t take much time.
 Your job is to create a lab from scratch. I will give
you an outline shell on the board, and you must fill it
all in on your own papers and hand it in.
Test You Understanding
 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Les
son-2/Ticker-Tape-Diagrams
 Try going to this link and answering the questions
TICKER TAPE LAB ACTIVITY
HOW ARE YOU GOING TO SHOW YOUR LEARNING?
Your job . . .
•
To record the “picture” of uniform motion on ticker tape.
•
To record the “picture” of acceleration on ticker tape.
What materials did you use?
Create a list
Use proper names for materials
Procedure?
Written like a recipe or a set of instructions
Observations
Observations are insightful and accurate, made with appropriate senses and
are related to the purpose of the experiment
Analysis
How will you represent and interpret your data?
Conclusion
Refer back to the purpose
What did you learn?
Class 6
 Speed/Velocity on board.
 Acceleration
Acceleration
 What is acceleration?
 It is the increase in the velocity of an object over time
 To calculate acceleration:
 Take the ration of the change in velocity to the change in time
 Formula:
 a= ->Δv/Δt
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a: acceleration
->Δv: change in velocity
Δt: change in time
Acceleration
 Formula:
 a=->Δv/Δt
 Expand that to be:
a=v2-v1/Δt
 v2: final velocity
 v1: initial velocity

 Units:
 m/s2
and direction (N,S,E,W,+,-)
 Acceleration is a vector.
Acceleration
 Ex. If you speed up on your motorcycle from rest
(0m/s) to 9.0m/s in a time of 2.0s, what is your
acceleration?
Acceleration
 This means you will increase your velocity by 4.5m/s
every second (0,4.5,9,13.5,18…after 5 seconds)
 Make a chart!
Acceleration
 What does acceleration look like on a graph?
Acceleration
 Ex2. If a car accelerates from 0.0 km/h to 100 km/h
in 6.0 s, what is the acceleration of the car?
Acceleration
 Lets rearrange the formula:
 a=->Δv/Δt
Acceleration
 Ex 3. A bus with an initial speed of 12 m/s
accelerates at 0.62 m/s2 for 15 seconds. What is the
final speed of the bus?
Acceleration W.S.
Class 7
 Today we will look at all of the different types of
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graphs
Distance-time
Position-time
Velocity-time
Acceleration-time
Graphs
http://physics.info/motion-graphs/problems.shtml
 Go to the website above and work through the
problems.
 Do Practice problem numbers 2, 3
 Try worksheet problems 1-4
Distance-time
Position-time
Velocity-time
Acceleration-time
Class 8
 Work Period/Review Class
Class 9
 TEST!!
Class 10
 Outside?