G- bacteria
Genera: Brucella, Fracisella,
Bordetella, Alcaligenes, Acinetobcter
Vibrionaceae, Aeromonadaceae
O: Campylobacterales
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F. Campylobacteriaceae
G: Campylobater
C. jejuni
Arcobater
F: Helicobacteriaceae
G: Helicobacter
Genus: Campylobacter
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Spiral or curved rods
motile
microaerofilic
carbohydrates are not utilized
oxidase positive
urease negative
Campylobacter
• Habitat:intestinal tracts of mammals and
birds
• Pathogenicity for animals and man
(foodborne infections with C.jejuni)
Campylobacter species
• C. fetus
• C.fetus subsp. fetus- oral infection- ovine
abortion
• C.fetus subsp. veneralis- veneric infection bovine abortion and nfetility
Campylobacter species
• C.jejuni subsp. jejuni - normal intestinal
flora in many animal species
• - aetiol. agent of diarrhea in:
– young animals
– humans= campylobacteriosis
• C.coli - normal intestinal flora in pigs and
poultry
Patogenesis of C.jejuni infection
-intracellular infection
• Adherence is mediated by bacterial proteins
(attachment by fibronectin binding proteins..)
• Invasion (depends on virulence)
endocytosis (internalization) after 72 h period
exponential growth is observed.
• Bacterial cells can be found in granulocytes and
monocytes
• Inracellular survival in macrofages can contribute
to disease severity and symptoms
Genus: Helicobacter
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helical or curved G- rods
motile
microaerophilic
oxidase positive
catalase postive
urease positive
Helicobacter
• Habitat: stomach , small intestine, liver
• Pathogenicity for man and some animal
species
Helicobacter species
• H.hepaticus - heatitis in mouse and rats
• H.bilis-hepatitis in mouse
• H.pylori - human gastritis (monkeyprimates, and cat ?
• H.felis-gastritis in cats and dogs
• H.canis-gastroenteritis in dogs
• H.pullorum- gastroenteritis
Genus: Arcobacter
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curved to spiral small rods
aerotolerant
catalase positive
DNAse positive
susceptible to nalidixic acid
Arcobacter species
• A.cryaerophilus- late term abortions in
swine, cattle, horses, sheep and dogs
•
- mastitis in cows
• A.butlzleri-diarrhea in humans and animals
• A.skirrowii
F: Brucellaceae
• G: Brucella
• B.melitensis
– B.abortus, B. suis,
– B.canis, B.ovis, B.neotomae
G: Brucella (F.Brucellaceae)
• G-, coccobacilli or rods, aerobic,
• B.melitensis
• brucelosis-zoonotic illness
Clasical species
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B.abortus (cattle-abortion, orchitis)
B.melitensis (goats-abortion, orchitis)
B.ovis (sheep - ram epididymitis)
B.suis (pigs, hares-abortion)
B.canis (dogs, epididymitis)
F:Alcaligenaceae
• G: Alcaligenes
• Achromobacter
• Bordetella
G: Bordetella
• G- rods, catalase+
• asaccharolytic
• habitat: upper respiratory tract of mammals
and birds
Bordetella Species
• B.pertussis (humans - whooping cough)
• B.bronchiseptica (pig, dog, laboratory
animals)
• B.avium (turkey coryza)
Alcaligenes
• A.calcoaceticus
G Moraxella
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G- coccobacilli
M.bovis -pinkeye
M.ovis-pinkeye
M.canis- dog bite infections
F:Francisellaceae
• G: Fancisella
• F. tularensis
Francisella
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F.tularensis
tularemia-zoonotic illeness
rodents-reservoir
vector-artropods (Dermacentor, Ixodes)
• infection in mammals and birds
• Cat (USA)
Subsecies of F.tularensis
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ssp.tularensis (North America)
holarctica (Asia nad Europe, NA)
mediaasiatica (Central Asia)
novicida (USA, Canada)
Class Flavobacteria
• O: Flavobacteriales
• F: Flavobacteriaceae
• Genera:
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Flavobacterium
Capnocytophaga
Chryseobacterium
Ornithobacterium
Class Betaproteobacteria
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O: Burkholseriales
F: Burkholderiaceae
G: Burkholderia
F: Alcaligenaceae
G: Alcaligenes
Bordetella
Taylorella
Ornitobacterium rhinothracheale
• Hosts: Turkey, chickens, duks, geese
• Respiratory disease, decreased egg
production, artritis
• 7 serotypes A- G
• aerosacculitis, necrotizing pneumonia,
suppurative pericarditis
Diagnostics:
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Cultivation on blood agar plates
Catalase -, oxydase ´+
Gram staining
PCR identification
ATB
– Resistance to aminoglycosides
Burkholderia
• B.mallei glanders (maleus) in horses, mules and
donkeys
• B.psudomallei- melioidosis or pseudoglanders in
cat, cattlem dog, horse, pig, ruminants
• Nodular form, or systemic
• Habita: soil, surface water, rodents- a source o
infection
• Group B category of patogens
Bordetella
• B.bronchiseptica
• B.avium
Alcaligenes
• A. faecalis
• A.calcoaceticus
Taylorella
• T.equigenitalis
• Contagious equine metritis
Order: Pseudomonadales
• F: Pseudomonadaceae
• G: Pseudomonas
• F: Moraxellaceae
Pseudomonas
• Habitat in soil, water, vegetation
• Most important species:
– P.aeruginosa
– opportunistic pathogen in animals, humans
– resistence to antibiotics is wide
Pseudomonas species
• P.aeruginosa- oportunistic pathogen
– pyogenic infections in many animal species
(mammals,birds, fish, snakes)
• P.fluorescens- sporadic infections,
patogenicity in poultry, fish and cattle
Virulence factors of
P. aeruginosa
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Capsule/pilli
Proteases
Elastases
Phospholipase C
Rhamnolipid (lecithinase)
Toxins: cytotoxin, exotoxin A, endotoxin,
pyocyanin, pyoverdin, both
• Resistance to antibiotics
F: Moraxellaceae
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G: Moraxella
SG: Moraxella (rods) M. lacunata
SG:Branhamella (cocci)
G: Acinetobacter
A.calcoaceticus, A. abumanii
Moraxella
• M. bovis
• Host: cattle- infectious bovine
keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye)
• M.ovis – small ruminants : pinkeye
• „M.equi“ – horse : conjunctivitis
Family Enterobacteriaceae
• Gr negative, non-sporing rods, 2-3 micrometers in
lenth , often motile, capsulate or non capsulate,
fimbriated, catalase positive, ferment
glucose,oxydase negative, reduce nitrate to nitrite
• easily cultivable on blood agar and Mac Conky
agar
• Habitat: intestine of animals and humans
• may occur on plants and in the soil
Family Enterobacteriaceae
• Pathogens: E.coli (pathogenic strains),
Salmonella, Yersinia
• Oportunic pathogens: Proteus spp.,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp.,
• Other minor pathogns: Edwardsiella tarda,
Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens
Genera
Genera in family
Enteroacteriaceae
• Genera fermentering
lactose (coliform
bacteria)
• Escherichia
• Klebsiella
• Enterobacter
• Citrobacter
• Genera lactose negative:
• Salmonella
• Shigella (nonhuman
primates)
• Proteus
• Plesiomonas
• Morganella
• Edwardsiella
• Yersinia
Biochemical differntiation commonly used tests
• Fermentation of sugars
• ONPG test for beta
galactosidase
• hydrogen sulfid
production
• urea hydrolysis
• decarboxylases
(arginine, lysine)
Antigenic structure
• O antigen- antigenic groups within a species
• K antigen surfice antigen - enhance the virulece of
bactria
• H flagelar antigens
• F fimbrial antigens (F4, F5, F6)
Genus Escherichia
• Non pathogenic strains • Pathogenic strains
– autochtonic microflora
– normal intestinal
microflora
• Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
• Enteropatogenic
(EPEC)
• Enterohemorrhagic
(EHEC)
• Necrotoxigenic (NTEC)
E.coli pathogenic strains
Adhezins
Toxins
Site
Clinical signs
ETEC
fimbrial K88 LT1,LT2
F4,F5,F6
SI -
diarrhea AA
EPEC
intimin
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SI+LI
EHEC
Attaching
LI
Affacing
VT1,VT2
VTE2a
diarrhea
P,C,R,Ca
NTEC
ENT
CNF1,2
SI
STa,STb
haemor. diarrhea
oedema disseases
diarrhea C,P
Susceptibility to atimicrobial
agents
• Succeptibility to:
Colistine
• Acquired plasmid
resistence
• streptomycine
• kanamycine
• Acquired resistence to: • gentamicine
• ampicllin/amoxicillin
• chloramphenicol
• tetracyclines
• fluorochinolones
• sulfonamides
Salmonella (about 2500 serovars)
• Habitat:parasites of animals and man
– found in sawage and pond water
– food borne infections (zoonoses)
• Species: S.enterica (2443), S.bongori (20)
• Antigenic structure:
• The Kauffamann- White diagnostic scheme
S. enterica
• S.enterica subspecies (6):
• S.enterica subsp.enterica
• ..salamae, arizone, diarizone, houtenae,
indica
• Serovars of S.enterica subsp. enterica
• S. Typhimurium DT 104
• S. Enteritidis
Salmonella serovars non adapted
to the host
• S.Typhimurium
• S.Enteritidis
• S.Derby
• Animals - vertebrates,
Humans
• Poultry- subclinical
inf.
Animals- enteritis
Human -food borne inf.
• Catle, sheep, horse,
dog- enteritis,
septicemia
Salmonella serovars with host
specificity
• S.Choleraesuis
• S.Pullorum
• S.Gallinarum
• S.Dublin
• Pig- enterocolitis and
septicemia
• Poultry(chickens),
acute diarrhoeal diseases
• Poultry (broilers),
• fowl thyphoid
• Cattle, enteritis,
septicemia
Yersinia
• Y.enetrocolitica
• Y.pseudotuberculosis
• Y.pestis
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Pig, dog
Man
Ruminants
Pig
Man
• Rodents
• Cat
Klebsiella
• Non motile, capsuated
• K.pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. arogenes
• Habitat: large intesine, respirator tract, soil
and water
Family Enterobactericeae
Enterobacter
• Motile, less ofen capsuleted than Klebsiella
• Habitat: soil and water
Proteus
• Swarming growth on agar media (film on
surfice)
• P. mirabilis
• P.vulgaris
• diarrhea in rumiants
• urinary tract infections in pets and horses
G Plesiomonas
• P.shigeloides
• cat-diarrhea
O: Pasteurellales
• F. Pasteurellaceae
• Genera:
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Pasteurella
Actinobacillus
Haemopilus
Gallibacterium G.anatis
Mannheimia
Order: Vibrionales
• F: Vibrionaceae
• G: Vibrio
• S: V. cholarae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus
– V.metchnikovii
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G:Listonella
L.anguillarum
G: Photobacterium
P.damselae
Order. Aeromonadales
• F: Aeromonadaceae
• G: Aeromonas
• S: A. hydrophila, A.salmonicida, A. caviae
• A.hydrophila- hemorrhagic septicemia in
reptiles, fish ..frogs: red leg
• A.salmonicida furunculosis in salmonid fish
Pasteurelaceae
Mambers of the family
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Haemophilus
Histophilus
Pasteurella
Mannheimia
Actinobacillus
Haemophillus
• Definition of the genus: pleomorphic noonmotile, rods to coccobacilli (filaments),
requires factor X (hemin) and/ or V (NAD)
in blood
• Habitat: mucose membranes, associated
with the host
• Prefix para – require only factor V
Haemophillus
• H.paragallinarum – infectious coryza in
chickens and hens
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• H.parasuis Glasser diseases (polyserositis,
polysynovitis, and memningitis) in piglets
• Habitat: nasal cavity, toncils, and trachea
H. parasuis
• Primary agents in nursery mortality /mathernal
antibodies
• Pathogenesis
• Pathogenicity: izolates from upper respiratory
tract x pulmonic
• Clinical signs: fever, swolen joints, respiratory
distres,
• Therapy.penicillin, resitance to tetracyclines
• Vaccination of piglets
Histophilus
• Definition: catalase negta. Capnophilic,
yelow pigment, non dependent on V and X
• H. sumnus
• H.ovis
• H.agni
H. somnus
• Habitat: mucosal surfaces in ruminants
• Et. Agent of multisystemic diseases
(H.somnus complex)
• Bronchopneumonia, necrotic laryngitis,
myocarditis, artritis, otitis, myelitis,
conjunctivitis, myositis, abortions,
• CNS infection „sleepr syndrom!
Thromboembolic encephalistis
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Myocarditis acute/ chronic
Arthritis
Otitis
Conjunctivitis
Genital tract infection- vaginitis,
endometritis veneral transmission
Diagnostics
• Serology ante mortem – seroconvertion
• Cultivation / PCR
Pasteurella
• Definition of the genus
Mannheimia
• Definition of the genus
Actinobacillus
• Definition of the genus: rods and coccal
shape ( Morse code apereance, non motole,
oxidase positive, aded CO 2 is required ,
• Mac Conkey agar +,
Actinobacillus
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A. pleuropneumonie
A.suis
A.equuli
A.lignieresii
A.pleropneumoniae
A.equuli
O: Desulfovibrionales
• F: Desulfovibrionaceae
• G:Lawsonia
• L. intracellularis
L. intracellulararis (Mc Orist et
al.1995)
• Obligate intracellular pathogen
• Host: pig, wilde pig, horse, hamster
• Porcine proliferative entheropathy (PPE)
• Infection of enterocytes –ileum, colon
• Acute d.: haemorrhagic diarhoea
• Chronic d. : porcine intestinal adenomatosis
Diagnostics of PPE
• PCR: nested PCR for individual pigs
• IFAT or ELISA : antibodies in serum (herd
test)
• Treatment: macrolides, tetracyclines,
pleuromutilins
• Prevention: commercial vaccine
Phylum: Class: Bacteroidetes
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O: Bacteroidales
F: Bacteroidaceae
G. Bacteroides
F: Pophyromonadaceae
G: Porphyromonas
F: Prevotellaceae
G: Prevotella
Phylum: Chlamydiae
Class: Chlamydiae
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O: Chlamydiales
F: Chlamydiaceae
G: Clamydia
S: Ch. trachomatis, Ch. suis
G: Chlamydophilla
S: Ch. psittaci
Ch. pneumoniae
O: Rickettsiales
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F :Rickettsiaceae
G: Rickettsia
F: anaplasmataceae
G: Anaplasma
Aegyptianella
Cowdria
Ehrlichia
Neorickettsia