The Center for Information
Technology in the Interests of Society
(CITRIS)
Paul Wright (ME Dept.)
Chief Scientist, CITRIS
(BWRC Faculty: Bob Brodersen, Ali Niknejad, Bora Nikolic, Jan Rabaey,
John Wawrzynek, Paul Wright and Gary Kelson)
(CITRIS Director Shankar Sastry and Executive Director Gary Baldwin)
CITRIS mission
 CITRIS was created by the previous Governor’s initiative in
~2000 to bring new focus on societal scale challenges
 Four UC campuses are focused on applying IT to..
 Intelligent Infrastructure
 Energy, water, earthquake preparedness, security…
 Health care and bio-medical services/products
 Services Science (especially encouraged by IBM)
 The center is funded by the State of California and industry
 A new building is presently under construction on our
main campus …
 It will host major laboratories (including space for BWRC
as needed) + a state of the art NanoFabrication Laboratory
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An example of a BWRC + CITRIS project
Our prototype system balances
occupant comfort vs. price
preferences with automatic,
reactive short-term load
shedding and long-term
energy reduction
Utility
RealTime
Meter
Price Signal
Air
Conditioner
Disaggregation of
Thermostat into
Nodes, Control,
Wright BWRC/CITRIS
3 Interface, and Communication
Preference
slider
Founding Corporate Members
Platinum Corporate Members
Associate Corporate Members
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CITRIS Organizational Structure
UC Chancellors
C. Tomlinson-Keasey, UC Merced (Chair)
Robert J. Birgeneau, UC Berkeley
Denise D. Denton, UC Santa Cruz
L. Vanderhoef, UC Davis
CITRIS Executive Committee
(Academic)
CITRIS @ UC Berkeley
Director – S. Shankar Sastry
Executive Director- Gary Baldwin
CITRIS @ UC Merced
Campus Director –
S. Shankar Sastry
Chief Scientist - Paul Wright
Campus Director - Jeffrey Wright
Acting Chief Scientist – German Gavilan
UC Berkeley
UC Merced
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CITRIS @ UC Davis
Campus Director – S.J. Ben Yoo
UC Davis
Institute Advisory Board
(Industry)
CITRIS @ UC Santa Cruz
Campus Director - Patrick Mantey
Chief Scientist - Alex Pang
UC Santa Cruz
What’s the difference between
BWRC and CITRIS?
 CITRIS works with its affiliate centers – BWRC as a
leading example --- towards commercial & social impact
 For BWRC supporters CITRIS provides an additional
impact opportunity --- to “funnel” our basic core science
(WSNs, UWB, 60GHz etc) into commerce, societal
problems, and shifts in public policy
 No other CA organization brings the multi-disciplinary
horsepower together, to focus on innovative technology
“in the service of society,” like CITRIS
 CITRIS provides a unique “glue” and “roll-out
opportunity” for seemingly disparate activities
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BWRC as a “feeder” to CITRIS
 Put in another way….
 How is CITRIS different from BWRC… but how do the
two operations work together?
 BWRC is in the “research business” of fundamental
research in low power radios, UWB, >60GHz..
 CITRIS is in the “research business” of applying these
fundamental ideas to new products, new health
services, energy efficiency, homeland security …
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BWRC as a “feeder” to CITRIS
 A BWRC thesis: “Ultra Low Power Transmitters for

Wireless Sensor Networks,” The thesis proposed the
design and optimization of nodes for wireless sensor
networks with ultra low power, namely: consume less
than 100 microwatts of average power for a long life; cost
less than $1 for a low system cost; and occupy less than
one cubic centimeter (Yuen Hui Chee)
A CITRIS thesis: Wireless sensor networks for energy
efficiency. This thesis reports on packet-level
performance of 2.4GHz Telos wireless sensor nodes in
residential environments. The objective is to
characterize the packet loss to determine the necessity
of mesh networking for residential wireless sensor
networks. The results describe two deployments in four
residential houses (Nate Ota)
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How we think about CITRIS projects…
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If successful, how will it change the world? = Societal pull
How will it use CITRIS technology/skills = “Tech. push”
Does it leverage multi-campus CITRIS research teams?
Are the metrics for success well-established?
Has it passed competitive peer review: awarded federal or State funding?
Can our corporate/federal/state sponsors find enough value to buy in?
Are student initiatives (e.g., student clubs) represented?
Sponsor international symposium in this area?
Constantly strive for synergy among 4 (not 1) campuses and sponsors
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CITRIS project overview
 1. Intelligent infrastructures
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Health
Care
Energy
Water
Infrastructure
Natural disasters
TIER
Cyber-security
TIER – (projects for the developing world)
Services
 2. Healthcare
 Implantable wireless sensors (BSN)
 Link to home-wireless
 IT services
 3. Services: Science, Management, and Engineering
 Academic curriculum
 Research agenda
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1. BWRC + CITRIS = Intelligent infrastructures
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Energy
Water
Health Care
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Cyber-infrastructure
Natural Disasters
Transportation
 For intelligent infrastructures, BWRC/CITRIS provides the leverage for:
Generic technology – hardware platforms (motes) shared by all…
Common elements – low-power radios, sensors, MEMS-sensors,
Common software – TinyDB, Deluge,
Common labs
 Testbeds at Berkeley (Soda, Etcheverry, Cory, BWRC)
Merced, Santa Cruz, Davis
 Common infrastructure is raising all boats
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 Annual symposium on intelligent infrastructures planned
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1. BWRC + CITRIS = Intelligent infrastructures
(also relates to California Governor’s proposal)
 1950s and 1960s phenomenal investment in the state’s
highways, ports, energy & water supply systems, schools
and universities created the 6th largest economy in the
world
 In 1955 the population was ~13 million but by 2025 it will
be 46 million
 Older investments showing their age +
expansion needs
added resources
 Strategic growth plan ~$250b. – first 10/20 year effort
 Calls for “expanded authority to fund and deliver projects
through a variety of public-private partnerships”
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1. BWRC + CITRIS = Intelligent infrastructures
(five & ten years in billions of dollars)
Topic
First five
Next five
1. Energy
$ 25 billion
….
2. Transportation/Air quality
$ 42.0 billion
$ 65.0 billion
K-12 Education
$ 17.5 billion
$ 30.7 billion
Higher Education
$ 5.4 billion
$ 6.3 billion
3. Flood control and water supply
$ 11.0 billion
$ 24.0 billion
4. Public safety
$ 8.1 billion
$ 9.3 billion
5. Courts and other public service
infrastructure
$ 2.3 billion
$ 1.0 billion
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2. BWRC + CITRIS = Health Care dollar
opportunities
Age
 We spend $ 2 T per year in
health care (16% of GDP).
 10 % of population over 60
expected to grow to 25 % by
2030.
 Huge opportunities to make a
difference in continuous
monitoring (tele-medicine) for
chronic conditions, elder care.
85+
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
1950
1980
2000
2030
(150,216,000)
(227,658,000)
(267,955,000)
(304,807,000)
Source: U. S. Census
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2. BWRC + CITRIS = Health Care dollar
opportunities
 Implantables and wireless monitoring (see Jan’s talk)
 Exquisite Detection: presymptomatic detection of disease
(BSAC leading the way with lab on a chip, bio-sensors,..)
 Use of EDA like methods to do open source analysis of
gene-protein, protein-protein networks: Biospice, SynBio
(joint with QB-3)
 Stem Cell Initiative and Tissue Engineering (including
social, legal and ethical considerations)
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3. BWRC + CITRIS = Impact at “Service Layer”
(using Health Care here as an example)
 What impact can mobile phones have on user health?
 Imperial College, Rifat Atun et al., Vodaphone (3.25.06)
 150 examples of text messaging in health care delivery
 1) Efficiency gains: reduce number of lost appointments (UK)
 26-39% (GPs), 33-50% (Hospitals) = £256-364m. Savings
 2) Public-health gains: hard to reach locations / also teenagers!
 WHO: India > Tuberculosis: Kenya, Nigeria, Mali > HIV&Malaria
 3) Treatment regime: take medicine now! exercise! don’t smoke!
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Diabetes is a good example of this requiring constant management
“Good” patients measure blood-sugar levels and inject insulin 3x/d
V. Franklin (Dundee), “Sweet Talk” > Text messages to teenagers
Increased “self-efficacy,” haemoglobin HbA1c was 14% lower
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Summary: BWRC + CITRIS
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Summary: BWRC >> CITRIS
Adoption needs lower power radios &
cheaper devices <100 mW integrated node
Base Voltage
Band Conv
RF
+ Antenna
Baseband
(mixed-signal)
64K
Clock memory
Generation
Locationing
Engine
Digital
Processor(s)
Sensors
GPIO
Serial
InterfaceInterface
DW8051
μc
Neighbor
System
List
Supervisor Network
Queues
DLL
Power
Supply
Network
• Simplest
possible processor
• Dedicated accelerators when needed
• Aggressive power management
• Minimizing supply voltage
Courtesy: Mike Sheets
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Incoming price signals
BWRC Low Power Radios in Demand Response in CA
1. New Thermostat with touchpad shows price of
electricity in ¢/kWhr + expected monthly bill. *Automatic
adjustment of HVAC price/comfort. *Appliance nodes
glow-colors based on price.
2. New Meter conveys real-time usage, back to
service provider
3. Wireless beacons throughout the house
allow for fine grained comfort/control
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Appliance lights
show price level
& appliances
powered-down