Unit 6 Notes
Public Speaking
3 Types of Public Speeches:
 Social Ritual = specific function with short, predictable pattern (ceremonial)
 Informative = tells the audience about a topic
 Training = teaches the audience a new skill
Successful Speech = speaker’s ability to create a stimulating presentation that meets the
audience goals
Effectiveness is determined by informal/formal listener feedback
Social Ritual Speeches:
 Announcements, Welcomes, Award Presentations, Acceptance Speeches, Introductions,
Nominations, Storytelling, Toasts
 Self-Nominations = explains why you are highly qualified for a particular position and
indicates your motivation or desire to be in that role
 Eulogy = a speech to honor and remember the life of a person who has died
Informative Speeches:
 Description = describes a person, place, thing, or experience
 Definition = explains a word or concept in great detail
 Demonstration = explains or physically demonstrates how something works, audience
goal is for them to understand the process/product being demonstrated
Principles of Informing:
Audiences are engaged and actively listen more when you include:
“The Need to Know”
“Connected Information”
“Organization”
“Repetition”
“Values and Feelings”
Audience Goal = gain more knowledge
(emphasize and repeat important and relevant info) check understanding with questions, having
audience members to demo or active review
Training Speeches:
Learning Styles to incorporate:
Watching (visual learners)
Doing (hands-on, kinesthetic)
Listening (audible, music)
Critiquing Speeches = formal feedback that tells the speaker what worked well, what could be
improved, and how to improve
Guidelines:
 Be specific
 Establish some criteria (remember the speaker’s purpose)
 Describe what you saw and heard
 Limit your points
 Discuss strengths AND weaknesses “Improvement Sandwich”
 Recognize improvement
Persuasion = communication process with the goal of influencing others
Persuasive Process
1. Decide on a audience goal
2. Analyze your listeners
4 types of listeners: Supportive, Uncommitted, Indifferent, and Opposed
3. Create logical, emotional, and credibility appeals
4. Organize & deliver the message
5. Evaluate your effectiveness
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Appeals:
Aristotle’s logos (logical), pathos (emotional), and ethos (credibility)
Logical
 Inductive
 Deductive
 Cause Effect
Emotional
 Maslow’s Hierarchy
 Guilt, fear, freedom, justice, greed, patriotism, belonging, anger, happiness
Credibility
 Believability
 Ethical standards
 Knowledge
Faulty Appeals = incorrect or misleading strategies based on inaccurate or illogical arguments
Examples: defective evidence, slippery slope fallacies, glittering generalities, red herrings, band
wagon appeals
Organization
3 styles:
 Statement of reasons
 Problem – Solutions
 Monroe’s Motivational Sequence
1. Get the audience’s attention
2. Explain your proposal
3. Suggest what they need to do to take
4. Paint the picture of the benefits
5. Tell the Audience what actions they need