Spanish-American
War
IMPERIALISM:
• The forceful extension
of a nation's authority
by territorial
“takeover”.
• Establishing economic
and political
domination.
Social Darwinist Thinking
Anglo-Saxonism: A term used to argue
that English-speaking nation's had
superior character, ideas, & system of
government, and were destined to
dominate the planet. (MANIFEST
DESTINY)
Religious/Missionary Interests
American
Missionaries
in China, 1905
Background:
Who: Spain vs. America
• Where: Philippines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies)
• In the 1800s, the USA wanted to increase its
influence in Latin America by increasing the sale of
American Products in the region.
• Americans wanted Europeans to realize that the
USA was the dominant power in the region.
• What: United States
invested around 50 million
into Cuba’s railroads,
mines, & sugar plantations.
Sinking of the MAINE in Havana Harbor
What:
•USS Maine explodes in Havana, Cuba
•Most Americans believe it was Spain’s
fault
How did it lead to war:
• “Spark” that started the war in
1898
Remember the Maine
and to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for Maine
victims in Havana
“Yellow Journalism”
Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
Alfred T. Mahan
• Leading naval
planner
• Writer of the famous
book, The Influence
of Sea power upon
History (1890)
• He argued that “the
key to imperial
power was control
of the seas.”
Treaty of Paris 1898 ENDED THE WAR IN 1898
United States emerged as a world power
Cuba gained independence from Spain
U.S. got possession of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto
Rico
Cuban Independence?
Platt Amendment (1903)
1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with
foreign powers that would endanger its
independence.
2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if
necessary to maintain an efficient, independent
govt.
The Boxer Rebellion: 1900
THE PANAMA CANAL
• Greatly reduce travel times for trading and
military ships by providing a short cut
between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
• The construction of the Panama Canal
involved overcoming geographic obstacles
such as rocky & unstable terrain &
mosquito-infested swamps.
“The shortcut”
1. The American battleship Maine blew up in a
Havana harbor in 1898, started the war.
2. Initiated U.S. propaganda “Remember the
Maine” inspiring support for U.S. revenge on
Spain.
3. War ends in 1898, United States became a
WORLD POWER!
4. EXPANDED to new overseas territory
5. Panama Canal was created.
Who? : Spain vs. America
Where? : Philippines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies)
In the 1800s, the USA wanted to increase its influence in Latin America by
increasing the sale of American Products in the region. Americans wanted
Europeans to realize that the USA was the dominant power in the region.
IMPERIALISM – The economic and political domination of a strong nation over
other weaker nations
PROTECTORATE – The imperial power allows the local rulers to stay
in control and protects them against rebellions & invasion. Usually, the local
ruler had to accept advice form the Europeans on how to govern their country
YELLOW JOURNALISM – is the sensational, biased, and often false reporting
that is written to attract readers and sell newspapers or magazines
PLATT AMENDMENT - document specifying, conditions to Cuba by the USA
when it was preparing a new constitution for their country
SPHERE OF INFLUENCE – section of a country where one foreign nation
enjoyed special rights and powers
ROUGH RIDERS – volunteer cavalry regiment from the American West, Teddy
Roosevelt is 2nd in Command
Latin America – American intervention was advocated in the Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine. President TAFT promoted “dollar diplomacy” as favorable for mutual
economic development
Puerto Rico – annexed as an “unincorporated
territory”
Anglo-Saxonism & Manifest Destiny – the idea that the English – speaking nations
had superior character, ideas, and systems of government, and were destined to
dominate the planet. Many Americans believed it had been the nation’s destiny to
expand west to the Pacific Ocean and now to expand overseas & spread its civilization
to other people.
1. Protection of American business interests
in Cuba
2. American support for Cuban rebels’
independence from Spain
3. Rising tensions as a result of “The Maine”
in Havana Harbor
4. Exaggerated news reports of events
BATTLES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
1.San Juan Hill, Cuba
1.
Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough
Riders led a charge up “Kettle
Hill” and defeated the Spanish
army.
2.Manila Bay,
Philippines
1. Navy Admiral Dewey raided
the Spanish fleet harbored in
Manila Bay and captured the
entire Spanish fleet.
2. Spain surrendered.
Roosevelt grabbed national attention by advocating war with Spain in 1898
His volunteer cavalry brigade, the Rough Riders, won public acclaim for its
role in the battle at San Juan Hill in Cuba
Roosevelt returned a hero and was soon elected governor of NY and later
McKinley’s vice-president
•San Juan Hill
•Brothers helped but did
not get any love
President McKinley & Secretary of State
John Hay supported an OPEN DOOR
POLICY in China.
They believed all countries should be
allowed to trade with China. Hay sent notes
to countries with leaseholds in China asking
to keep ports open to all nations. Hay
expected all powers would abide by this plan
& it was a way to protect U.S. interest in China
while providing = trading rights for all countries
In addition.....
TAFT continued Roosevelt’s policies. He
believed that if American business leaders
supported Latin America & Asian
development, everyone would benefit. His
policy came to be called DOLLAR
DIPLOMACY.
CONCLUSION…
•US defeats Spain & becomes a world power
• Teddy Roosevelt elected Vice President in 1900 and becomes
President in 1901 when McKinley is shot
•US must decide what to do about Spain’s former colonies
(Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba)
•Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
makes/confirms USA as a World Power
How was your thanksgiving
and what are you thankful for?
CHINA - THE BOXER REBELLION,
secretly supported by the government,
sought to expel, (get rid of) foreigners.
Secretary Hay proposed an OPEN
DOOR POLICY with this country’s
leaseholders in order to keep the ports
open to American trade.
CUBA – “Remember the Maine” was
the cry of the Rough Riders who
overcame the Spanish defenders on
San Juan Hill. Under the terms of the
Platt Amendment, Cuba became an
American protectorate until the
amendment was repealed in 1934
Write a 1 page to 1 ½ pages about America. (ON YOUR SHEET OF PAPER)
In your paper write: (Use photos and your notes to help jog your memory)
1. How did we get started, how was our economy, and why
*** like Jamestown, 1st cash crop, etc***
2.Talk about major wars, events and the affects it had on groupies of people
*** like Native Americans and African Americans***
3. Talk about America after the changes.
** like the economic change (progressive era)***
4. Answer why do you think people call Americans greedy?
Why do you think people call America “White America” or “It Is a whites mans world”
“Yellow Journalism”
“You furnish the
pictures, I’ll furnish
the war” William
Randolph Hearst
“Yellow Journalists”
What: Newspaper created highly exaggerated
stories
Why: Make more $ if they keep you scared
and interested
How did it lead to war: Made Americans
want war! HATE Spain or at least dislike
Spain