Human Development (9)
1. Issues in Developmental Psychology
2. Stage Theories of Development
3. Heredity and Prenatal Development
4. Infancy, Early and Middle Childhood
5. Adolescence
6. Early and Middle Adulthood
7. Later Adulthood
What is Development?
• Development
• the pattern of movement or change that begins at
conception and continues through the life span
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Biological processes
Cognitive processes
Socio-emotional processes
Nature vs. Nurture
Continuity vs. Discontinuity
Biological Development
Step 1
Dad
X Y
Mom
X X
X X
Girl
X X
Girl
X Y
Boy
X Y
Boy
Mom
blue blue
blue blue
= blue
blue blue
eyes
= blue
eyes
Dad
blue brown
blue brown
blue brown = brown
eyes
= brown
eyes
Biological Development
Steps 2 – 5
Step 2: zygote
Step 3: blastocyst
Step 4: embryo
Step 5: fetus
Fetal Development web site
Negative Influences on Prenatal
Development
• Teratogens
• Critical periods
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Physical Development
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive
Development
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Sensorimotor (0-2 )
Preoperational (2-7 )
Concrete Operations (7-12)
Formal Operations (12+)
• Video on Piaget
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial
Development
 Trust vs. mistrust (0-1)
 Autonomy vs. shame and
doubt (1-3)
 Initiative vs. guilt (3-6)
 Industry vs. inferiority (6-11)
 Identity vs. role confusion (11-22)
 Intimacy vs. isolation (22-40)
 Generativity vs. stagnation (40-65)
 Integrity vs. despair (65+)
Child Temperament
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Easy children
Difficult children
Slow to Warm-up children
Inconsistent
Parenting Styles
• Authoritarian
• Authoritative
• Permissive or Laissez-faire
• The goal of discipline? Self-discipline!
Ainsworth’s Theory of Attachment
• Securely attached (65% of American Infants)
• Avoidant attachment (20% of American Infants)
• Resistant Attachment (10-15% of American
Infants)
• Disorganized/disoriented attachment (5-10% of
American Infants.
• Monkey study link
Adolescence
Adolescent Egocentrism
• Imaginary Audience
• Personal Fable
• Invulnerability Fable
Late Adulthood
• Crystallized Intelligence
• Fluid Intelligence
Aging and cognitive function
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Senile dementia (senility)
Alzheimer’s Disease
High blood pressure and memory
Keep up those skills!
Life expectancy quiz
Stages of Death and Dying
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Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance