Los Cognados y Cognados Falsos

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Los Cognados y Cognados
Falsos
Cognates and False Cognates
Nouns
Many Spanish nouns can easily be converted into English nouns.
English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in ‘-or’ are very often
identical.
#1. -or = -or
English
Spanish
actor
color
doctor
director
actor
color
doctor
director
Nouns
English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in ‘-al’ are
often identical.
#2. -al = -al
English
Spanish
animal
animal
general
general
hospital
hospital
manual
manual
moral
moral
Nouns
Many English nouns ending with ‘-ist’, can be
converted into Spanish nouns by changing to ‘-ista’.
#3. -ist → -ista
English
Spanish
artista
artist
lista
list
socialista
socialist
tourist
turista
Nouns
#4. -ism → -ismo
English
idealism
realism
mechanism
optimism
organism
Spanish
idealismo
realismo
mechanismo
optimismo
organismo
Nouns
#5. -nce → -ncia
English
abundance
arrogance
experience
patience
intelligence
Spanish
abundancia
arrogancia
experiencia
paciencia
inteligencia
Nouns
#6. -ty → -dad
English
activity
curiosity
electricity
identity
university
Spanish
actividad
curiosidad
electricidad
identidad
universidad
Nouns
#7. -tion → -ción
English
association
combination
condition
exemption
instruction
Spanish
asociación
combinación
condición
exempción
instrución
Nouns
English nouns ending with ‘-y’ often correspond to Spanish
nouns ending with ‘-ía’, ‘ia’, or ‘io’.
#8. -y → '-ía', '-ia', or '-io'
English
agency
agony
battery
family
history
salary
testimony
dictionary
Spanish
agencia
agonía
batería
familia
historia
salario
testimonio
diccionario
Adjectives
Like nouns, many English adjectives can be converted into Spanish
simply by changing the word ending. Here are some useful rules.
#1. -ive → ivo
English
active
decisive
festive
effective
indicative
Spanish
activo
decisivo
festivo
efectivo
indicativo
Adjectives
#2. -al = -al
English
brutal
usual
local
criminal
natural
Spanish
brutal
usual
local
criminal
natural
Adjectives
#4. -ic → -ico
English
magnetic
fantastic
electric
artistic
automatic
Spanish
magnético
fantástico
eléctrico
artístico
automático
Adjectives
#5. -ble = -ble
English
admirable
impossible
terrible
favorable
notable
Spanish
admirable
imposible
terrible
favorable
notable
Adjectives
#6. -nt → -nte
English
ignorant
convenient
prudent
important
triumphant
Spanish
ignorante
conveniente
prudente
importante
triunfante
Adjectives
#7. -id → -ido
English
stupid
lucid
splendid
candid
solid
Spanish
estúpido
lúcido
espléndido
cándido
sólido
Adjectives
#8. -ile → -il
English
agile
fragile
mobile
juvenile
automobile
Spanish
ágil
frágil
móvil
juvenil
automóvil
Adjectives
#9. -ary → -ario
English
Spanish
arbitrary
ordinary
imaginary
arbitrario
ordinario
imaginario
Adverbs
In English, "-ly" combines with many adjectives to form adverbs.
In Spanish, "-mente" combines with (feminine) adjectives to form Spanish
adverbs.
-ly → -mente
English
absolutely
normally
naturally
finally
correctly
exactly
evidently
difficultly
Spanish
absolutamente
normalmente
naturalmente
finalmente
correctamente
exactamente
evidentemente
dificilmente
False Cognates
Many words appears to be similar in English and Spanish, but do not have the
same meaning. These are called “false cognates”. Below are a few examples
of false cognates.
1.) embarazada – pregnant
Does not mean “embarrassed”.
embarrassed = avergonzado
2.) bizarro – brave; valiant
Does not mean “strange” or “bizarre”
strange; bizarre = extraño; raro
3.) asistir – to attend
Does not mean “to assist”
to assist = ayudar (to help)
4.) éxito – success
Does not mean “exit”
exit = salida
5.) fábrica – factory
Does not mean “fabric”
fabric = tejido
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