Ch. 2.1 Properties of Matter
Classified as either extensive or intensive.
 Extensive properties—depend on the
amount of matter in a substance…mass,
volume.
 Intensive properties—independent of
mass and volume…strength, hardness,
ductility, etc.

Identifying Substances.
Intensive properties are similar among
substances with the same composition.
 Physical properties—those that can be
measured or observed without changing
the substance’s composition.

States of Matter
Solids—have definite shape and volume.
Almost incompressible; expand slightly
when heated.
 Liquids—indefinite shape, constant
volume. Almost incompressible; expand
slightly when heated.
 Gases—take the shape and volume of
their container. Easily compressed.


Vapor—gaseous state of a substance that
is generally liquid or solid at room
temperature.
Physical Changes
Some properties of a material change, but
the substance’s composition does not
change.
 Physical changes can be either reversible
(boiling or freezing) or irreversible (cutting,
grinding).
