Mrs. Seabolt
World History
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
Great War
War to end all wars
Nationalism
 Alliances
 Competition
 Imperialism
 Militarism
 Assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand
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Nationalism

loyalty and devotion to a nation ; especially : a sense
of national consciousness exalting one nation above
all others and placing primary emphasis on
promotion of its culture and interests.
•
Austria/Hungary-1 Country ruled by the
Hapsburgs
•
With many
different
cultures and
ethnicities
who wanted
popular
sovereignty
•
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Countries make “deals” with one another to
come to the other country's aid when threatened.
Triple Entente, which included Great Britain, France,
and Russia. Became the ALLIED POWERS
•
Triple Alliance, which included Germany, AustriaHungary, and Italy. ALL BUT ITALY BECAME THE
CENTRAL POWERS
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Imperialism-Countries were competing for
resources in colonies.
Militarism
Glorification of the military
• Nations started expanding their military
• Greater technology of weapons
• WWI Firsts — History.com Video
•
QUICK STUDY
Deadly Technology of World War I
CHART
Military Strength, 1914
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Chain reaction
Assassination of Archduke Francis
Ferdinand
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Visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia
Ethnic Serb who thought Bosnia
should be free shot the Archduke &
his wife Sophie
Austria-Hungary demanded the
Serbs give up the murderersDENIED!
Russia (allied with Serbia) declared
war on Austria -Hungary
Germany (allied with Austria
Hungary) declares war on Russia
Then....
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France (allied with Russia)declares war on Germany
Germany declared war on Belgium to get to France
– Schlieffen Plan
–
Great Britain (allied with France and Russia)
declared war on Germany for invading Belgium
–BAM!
WWI
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Germany thought Russia would take a while to
get troops together.
Plan was to invade France through neutral
Belgium
Basis of plan was to fight on one front at time
FAIL-Russia got it together quickly
The Start of the Great War - YouTube

Fighting battles on several fronts

Western Front
 France, Britain

Eastern Front
 Russia

South
 Romania
 Serbia

Other Places
 Dardanelle Strait
 Middle East
 Imperial colonies in Africa and the Pacific
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Turks joined the Central
Powers in late October 1914.
The Turks then cut off
crucial Allied supply lines to
Russia through the
Dardanelles, a vital strait
connecting the Black Sea and
the Mediterranean.
Called the battle of Gallipoli
Allies Launch Disastrous
Attack at Gallipoli —
History.com Video
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T. E. Lawrence—
later known as
Lawrence of Arabia
fought for the
Allied Powers for
the British
History's Raiders:
The Adventures of
Lawrence of Arabia
— History.com
Video
•
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Trench
Warfare
Western FrontMain areas of
battle
But Germany
was fighting
on several
fronts

Total War-the channeling of a nation’s entire
resources into a war effort

Conscription-Draftrequiring all young
men to be ready for
service
Propaganda-is the
spreading of ideas
to promote a cause
or to damage an
opposing cause.

Money1. Governments
raised taxes and
borrowed huge
amounts of money
2. Rationed Food and
Supplies
Women took over jobs
for men, became
nurses.
Women of War —
History.com Video
International law allowed wartime blockades to
confiscate contraband, or military supplies and raw
materials needed to make military supplies, but not
items such as food and clothing.
•
Wilson Urges Neutrality
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“impartial in thought as well as action”
He did not want cultures in our diverse nation
to have conflict, but immigrants supported their
homeland
Most Americans sided with Britain and France
because of our similar culture (English
Speaking) and history(France supported us in
during the Revolutionary War)
•
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Germany's attack on neutral Belgium made
most people mad
3 Opinions Forms
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Isolationists-war was none of our business
Interventionalist- we should intervene and help
the Allies
Internationalists- do not enter the war, but try
to negotiate a peace-this was Woodrow Wilson
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British Navy blockade of goods to Germany
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Contraband-goods used to fight a war
Britain expanded the definition of contraband to
include everything, even against international
law
German response
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Began sinking Allied ships with U-Boats, or
submarines
TRANSPARENCY
German U-Boat
•
Germans sink a passenger ship called the
Lusitania on May 17, 1915 off the coast of
Ireland
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Germans claimed the boat was carrying
ammunition
US condemned Germany for not giving warning
to the ship so passengers could escape, but still
did not enter the war
•
Germany did warn travelers
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After sinking the Lusitania, Germany promises
the U.S. They will not sink any more
passenger ships
By 1916, the promise was broken by the
sinking of the French ship Sussex
Once again, Germany promises not to do it
again with the “Sussex Pledge”
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Wilson wins the
1916 Presidential
Election
Slogan “He kept us
out of war!”
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Germany announces
“unrestricted submarine
warfare”
Zimmerman Note

the British intercepted a
message from the German
foreign minister, Arthur
Zimmermann, to his
ambassador in Mexico. In the
note, Zimmermann authorized
his ambassador to propose
that Germany would help
Mexico “to reconquer the lost
territory in New Mexico,
Texas, and Arizona” in return
for Mexican support against
the United States.
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The American’s entrance
into the war gives added
moral boost, troops and
money to win the war
William II resigns
The new German
government sought an
armistice, or agreement to
end fighting, with the
Allies. At 11 a.m. on
November 11, 1918, the
Great War at last came to
an end.
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Fourteen Points, a list of his terms for resolving
this and future wars.
freedom of the seas
free trade
large-scale reductions of arms
an end to secret treaties
self-determination for Eastern Europe, the right of
people to choose their own form of government.
creation of a “general association of nations” to
keep the peace in the future. (League of Nations)
FRANCE

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Georges
Clemenceau
to weaken
Germany so
that it could
never again
threaten
France
UNITED
STATES
ENGLAND
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David Lloyd
George
to build a
postwar
Britain “fit
for
heroes”—a
goal that
would cost
money.
.
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Woodrow
Wilson
“peace
without
victory”
based on
the
Fourteen
Points
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Germany assumes all blame
Germany pays for the costs of the war called
reparations
Limited Germany’s military
returned Alsace and Lorraine to France
removed hundreds of square miles of territory
from western and eastern Germany
stripped Germany of its overseas colonies
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Self-Determination in Eastern Europe
Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia
 Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary
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The Mandate System
Self Determination not applied to European colonies
 Colonies in Africa, Japan, Australia and Pacific would be
territories administered by Western powers
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League of Nations Formed
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US did not join
Germany would harbor bad feelings that will
lead to another world war…..