Name:________________________________________________________
Period:_______
Respiratory/Circulatory Systems Study Guide
Respiratory System
1) What do each of these parts of the respiratory system do?
-Lungs: Inhale and exhale air from the environment.
-Alveoli: Allow gas exchange of oxygen into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide into the lungs.
-Pleural Fluid: Lubricates the lungs and keeps them from sticking to the pleura.
-Nasal Passages: Filters inhaled air.
-Bronchi: Directs air to the individual lungs.
-Bronchioles: Carries air to the alveoli.
-Mucus: Traps bacteria and provides lubrication.
2) Where can you find mucus within the body? What are some functions of mucus?
Mucus is in the stomach, nasal passages, etc. It traps bacteria and lubricates various passages.
3) Explain how gas exchange happens within the alveoli.
Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and attaches to hemoglobin, carbon dioxide diffuses back into the
alveoli from the bloodstream.
4) Describe the process of ventilation. Include all of the steps, in the correct order.
-diaphragm contracts
-volume of chest cavity increases, air pressure within the chest cavity decreases
-air rushes into the lungs
-gas exchange occurs
-diaphragm relaxes
-volume of chest cavity decreases, air pressure within the chest cavity increases
-air rushes out of the lungs
5) Label the picture below.
6) Compare and contrast combustion and respiration.
-Combustion needs the following to happen:
Spark, fuel source, oxygen
-Combustion produces the following:
Carbon dioxide, energy in the form of heat, light
-Respiration needs the following to happen:
Oxygen, glucose, blood to carry the other two components to every cell in the body
-Respiration produces the following:
Carbon dioxide, heat, water, ATP
7) How does fermentation work? Why is respiration better for cells than fermentation?
When there is not enough oxygen in the environment, cells undergo fermentation, which produces far
less ATP than respiration, and also creates an acid.
8) Why is it dangerous to climb high mountains, in regards to the respiratory system? How can you train
to minimize the risks?
As altitude increases, the air contains less oxygen. This can be adjusted to by acclimatization.
9) Describe what an Iron Lung does, and how it is like the respiratory system.
The Iron Lung acts as a giant chest cavity, with the patient laying on their back inside of the device. A
rubber diaphragm pushes and pulls at the bottom of the chamber, changing air pressure within the Iron
Lung and forcing the person to breathe. The Iron Lung is like a model of the chest cavity, with the person
acting as a lung.
10) Draw the syringe model of breathing below. Label the various parts, as if they were a respiratory
system.
11) Describe what the following mean. You should know how they relate to the sponge model as well.
-Tidal Volume: Average amount that a person breathes in and out. Not used to calculate TLC.
-Vital Capacity: Maximum amount of air one can exhale, like water squeezed from a sponge.
-Residual Volume: Air that remains in the lungs, like water in a sponge after squeezing it.
-Total Lung Capacity: Max air the lungs can hold, VC+RV=TLC, max water a sponge can hold
Circulatory System
12) Name the three blood vessels and describe where they carry blood.
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart
- Veins carry blood toward the heart
- Capillaries connect arteries and veins and carry blood to individual cells. They are one-cell thick.
13) Describe the components of blood below and explain what each does.
- Plasma is the liquid portion of blood, which carries the other components.
- RBC’s carry oxygen using hemoglobin.
- WBC’s fight infections and bacteria.
- Platelets clot to close wounds.
14) Describe the order of blood flow through the heart. Which chambers, valves, and vessels does it flow
through?
Right side: Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Tricuspid Valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonic Valve, Pulmonary Artery
Left Side: Pulmonary Vein, Left Atrium, Mitral Valve, Left Ventricle, Aortic Valve, Aorta
15) Label the picture of the heart below.
16) What determines your blood type? Which blood types are the universal donor/recipient?
Markers (antigens) on the surface of your RBC’s.
17) Which blood types can the following receive from>
A: A, O
B: B, O
AB: A, B, AB, O
O: O only
18) How can you remember which blood types are compatible? Choose a color for each below.
A:
B:
AB:
O:
-How can this help you/how can you remember the pattern?
THE FINAL QUESTION:
-How do the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems work together to keep cellular respiration
going?
Digestive system gets glucose from food using salivary amylase, respiratory system gets oxygen from
breathing, blood delivers the two components to every cell in the body for respiration, the cells make
ATP and continue the cycle.