The Industrial Revolution
Mrs. Rodriguez
Period:5
AP Human Geography
Marissa Rodriguez
Kelly Tran
Alyssa Alarcon
Sarina Herrera
Large Industrial Regions
The Industrial
Europe's Industrial Regions:
Revolution
Western Europe, western Germany, The
The Industrial
United Kingdom, Italy Spain, Eastern
Revolution did not just
happen over night, it was Europe (mainly in the former Soviet
Union)
the gradual diffusion of
North America’s Industrial Regions:
ideas and techniques;
however, it began in The Middle Atlantic, Mohawk valley, Lake
United Kingdom in the
Erie, western Great Lakes ,Southern
late eighteenth century.
California, South Eastern Ontario
Examples of types of
East Asia’s Industrial Regions
industries:
China, Japan
Textile: cloth or woven
fabric
Cottage Industry: Homebased manufacturing
Raw Material Oriented
Market Oriented
Weber’s least Cost Theory
consists of three categories:
1. Transportation
• Be near to the imputs or
consumer
• Be where there is the lowest
cost of moving the raw
materials
2. Labor
• Create factories where there is
cheap labor in places like
China or Mexico
3. Agglomeration
• Cluster in the same areas as
other industries where the
industries can help each other
out with their needs
Break of Bulk is the location
where transfer among
transportation modes takes
place
EX: The Port of Long
Beach
Goods are shipped across the
ocean and are uniformly
packaged so that they can be
quickly transferred between
other ships trucks or trains.
Manufacturing Zones with Specific Strengths
Problems created by developed and developing
countries
Many problems occurred during industrialization. In
the U.S. about six million jobs were lost in
manufacturing. However, Texas and California added
one-half million manufacturing jobs. The South lacked
industrial development, which are their roads and rail
networks. For example, if a region lacks roads and rail
networks it makes it difficult for them to trade and
have goods shipped in and out.
Situation factors: transporting materials to and from a
factory
• Factories try to identify where a location cost are
minimized
Example- If a factory owner has two options on where
to place their factory, they would choose whichever one
was cheaper
• Critical industrial location costs
• Costs of transporting both inputs into the factory
and products from the factory to the consumer
Example- The factory would be placed in between
where the receive their products to where the drop it off
to the store that wants to sell the products that they
made
The distribution of world labor since the Industrial
Revolution
“Right-to-work” Laws: Requires a factory to maintain
an “open shop” and prohibits a “close shop,” a company
and a union agree that everyone must join the union to
work in the factory
In 1970, one-half of world industry was in Europe and
nearly one-third was in North America, the share of
world has increased since the industrial revolution to
where the major industries aren’t just North America and
Canada, but in East Asia, South Asia, and Latin America,
The shift to new industrial regions can be seen clearly in
steel and clothing.
The distribution of world labor since the Industrial
Revolution
“Right-to-work” Laws: Requires a factory to maintain
an “open shop” and prohibits a “close shop,” a company
and a union agree that everyone must join the union to
work in the factory
In 1970, one-half of world industry was in Europe and
nearly one-third was in North America, the share of
world has increased since the industrial revolution to
where the major industries aren’t just North America and
Canada, but in East Asia, South Asia, and Latin America,
The shift to new industrial regions can be seen clearly in
steel and clothing.
How does site and situation factors influence the
location of manufacturing?
Site factors: unique characteristics of a location
Site factors like land, labor, and capitol influence the
location of manufacturing because it controls the cost of
doing business at a location.
Example- land, a factory would not be at a place such as
mountains if there is no source of electricity to operate.
Compare and Contrast
• The Pre-industrial lifestyle had limited production,
and was primarily an agricultural economy.
• The Pre-industrial era had few social classes with
most of the population as middle working class,
working as farmers.
Case Studies
Maquiladoras in Mexico
Maquiladora means to receive payment for
grinding and processing corn. The companies
receive tax breaks if they ship material from
the unites states, assemble components at
Maquiladora plant in Mexico, and export the
finished product back to the U.S. More than
one million Mexicans are employed out at
over 3,000 Maquiladora.
Case Study
Throwing BRIC at NAFTA
NAFTA has joined the U.S. with its neighbors to the north
and south to form one of the worlds three main industrial
regions. Labor leaders fear that more manufactures will
relocate production to Mexico to take advantage of lower
wage. Environmentalists fear that NAFTA encourages
industries to move production to Mexico because laws on air
and water quality standards are less strict than in the U.S.
People believe that industry in North America and Europe
will soon relocate to BRIC, which includes Brazil, Russia,
India, and China. The concept of this is that the four
countries working together will become the worlds dominate
industrial block.
Industrial Revolution In Europe