UNITED STATES
 Where
is our Western Boundary?
 What is our Southern Boundary?
 How long had westward expansion
been happening?
 How is the new Constitution working?
FORMATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES
 GW
was against alliances with other
nations and political parties.
 GW favored a unity of government.
 Fear of Faction:
 All citizens should support the
President
No
loyal opposition
HAMILTON V. JEFFERSON
 Both
served in Washington’s
Cabinet.
 GW usually sided with Hamilton.
 Differences between these men
helped to create political parties.
Federalists
Republicans
HAMILTON V. JEFFERSON
 Jefferson
= strict constructionist
 Hamilton = Loose constructionist
 Jefferson=Agrarian Society
 Hamilton=Urban Society
 Jefferson = Local Power
 Hamilton = National Power
 Jefferson = Pro-France
 Hamilton = Pro-Great Britain
CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
 12th
amendment:
Two
separate ballots in Electoral College
of President and Vice- President.
Enumerated or Implied?
Why is this change necessary?
ELECTORAL COLLEGE
A
group of person’s from each state
who directly vote for the President.
 State
legislature can choose them or
the people can choose them.
THE AGE OF JACKSON
1800
– 5.3 million
1850 – 23 million
Rural Society – 98% farmers
Few roads
Government very small, inactive.
LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1803
 Why
do we need it?
 From France for $15 million
 Thomas Jefferson
 Constitutional Questions
Strict
 More
constructionist
than doubled the size of US
LIFE ON THE FRONTIER
Frontier:
Rugged
Individualism:
Labor Intensive:
Isolated:
Farmers:
REPUBLICAN VIRTUES
Virtues
needed to live in the new
republic that had just been
created. These virtues were to be
taught in schools in addition to
academic subjects.
Consensus nationally (Rousseau)
REPUBLICAN VIRTUES
Self-reliance:
Industry:
Frugality:
Harmony:
Sacrifice:
Group over individual
(where do your rights end)
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
A
watershed in world history.
A
dividing point in history, things
were completely different before the
event than after the event.
Important Event.
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Began
in England.
Due to Urbanization.
Resources available (coal)
Large Labor supply.
Large amount of Capital.
WHY IT IS A WATERSHED:
Home
System to Factory System
Sources of power and fuel change:
Sails
to steam & human/animal to
steam.
CHANGE IN POWER/FUEL
Steam
power is invented.
Move from human and animal
power to steam.
Allows for technology to advance
at a rapid rate.
SYSTEMS OF PRODUCTION
Home
Work
System:
done in people’s homes.
Paid for what they produce.
Quality is poor.
Production is slow
Products are not uniform
SYSTEMS OF PRODUCTION
Factory
Work
System:
at a central place.
People paid for their time.
Quality is high
Production is fast.
Product is uniform
IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REV.
Interchangeable
Parts:
Mass Production:
Technology changes rapidly:
INVENTIONS
1795
Steam Shovel Robert Fulton
1798 Eli Whitney interchangeable
Parts for muskets
INVENTIONS
1807
Steamboat Robert Fulton
1826
Internal combustion engine
MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820
 Designed
to maintain a balance
between slave and free states
 Established the 36degree 30’N line
for future admission of slave and free
states
 Temporary solution
SECTIONALISM
 Regional
differences
 North and South have very different
economies.
 North:
 South:
PARTY POLITICS
Andrew
Jackson creates a new
political party as a result of the
election of 1824.
Machine Politics are born.
ELECTION OF 1824
 John
Q Adams, John C. Calhoun,
William Crawford, Andrew Jackson
and Henry Clay are all Republican
candidates for President.
 Jackson has the most popular votes,
but not enough electoral votes.
ELECTION OF 1824
 Election
goes to the House of
Representative.
 Henry Clay gives his support to Adams
who wins in the House.
 Jackson is angry and starts preparing
for 1828.
POLITICAL MACHINE
A
tightly run organization with a
successful record of winning
public office.
Martin Van Buren and Jackson
create the Democratic Party.
DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Jackson
created excitement, and
became a leader of the common
man.
Elected President in 1828
(179-83)
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
Spoils
System:
“To the victor goes the spoils.
Made this policy official and
justified it by saying any
competent man could do the job
required.
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
 Wanted
a small and inactive federal
government.
 Vetoed more proposed laws than the
six presidents before him combined.
 An active President was uncommon.
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
 Nullification:
Right of a state to make
a federal law void.
 South Carolina proposed this
regarding the Tariff of 1828.
 Jackson threatened federal troops
would be sent in to collect the tariff.
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
Nullification was the center of the debate about
who has Supreme Power the states or the
Federal Government.
 Supremacy Clause:
 John C Calhoun resigned as VP.
 This is the first sign of a lack of national unity
that would lead to the Civil War.

JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
He
appoints a cabinet that he
could dominate rather than
appoint men with expertise he
would have to listen to.
INDIAN REMOVAL ACT OF 1830
Jackson
became nationally
famous as an Indian fighter.
Wanted to open the land up to
economic development.
Indian Removal Act of 1830
declared unconstitutional.
INDIAN REMOVAL ACT OF 1830
Jackson
enforced the law anyway.
Resulted in the Trail of Tears.
“John Marshall made his decision
now let’s see him enforce it.”
JACKSON AND THE BANK OF THE US
Bank
of the United States
Collected
taxes
Depository for US Funds
Controlled issuances of paper
money.
Made loans to US government.
JACKSON AND THE BANK OF THE US
 Ran
by private citizens, carrying out
functions of the Govt.
 Great deal of authority but not
accountable to anyone.
 Jackson vetoed the re-charter of the
bank.
MANIFEST DESTINY
John
O’Sullivan 1845
God given right to over spread
North America.
Indians were not considered
people.
MANIFEST DESTINY
1783
Treaty of Paris (MR)
1803 Louisiana Purchase
1819 Florida
1845 Texas Annexation
1848 Mexican War
1853 Gadsden Purchase
MANIFEST DESTINY
Impacts:
Resources
Isolated
from enemies
Confidence
MANIFEST DESTINY
US
Imperialism
Indians
suffered
Fight a war with Mexico
Constitutional Questions (TJ)
Ethnocentrism
LONE STAR REPUBLIC
 1835
Texas revolts
 Wins Independence from Mexico
 Sam Houston becomes first
President.
 1845 Texas applies for statehood
 Border dispute brought with it
WAR WITH MEXICO
1846-1848
Texas
th
28
admitted as
state.
Boundary between US and Mexico
disputed.
US wants to gain land.
JAMES K POLK
 Favors
US Expansion
 Favored war with Mexico
IMPACT OF THE WAR
US
control is extended west.
US forces gain experience they will
use in the Civil War.
US unchallenged in NA.
TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO
US
gets
California,
Nevada, Arizona, Utah,
New Mexico, Wyoming.
US pays $15 million to Mexico.
LINE IN THE SAND


The exact origin of the phrase is unknown, but several events (though perhaps in
legend only) have a reference to an actual line being drawn:
In the United States, the phrase is most commonly associated with Texas history
surrounding the Battle of the Alamo, as it is attributed to Colonel William Travis,
commander of the Alamo defense forces.[1] In the waning days of the Battle
(somewhere between March 3–5, 1836), with Mexican General Antonio Lopez de
Santa Anna having the Alamo completely surrounded, Santa Anna sent a messenger
to Travis demanding surrender, or else everyone in the compound would be killed.
According to the legend, Travis called the Alamo defenders together, explained that
defeat was almost certain, and read the letter of surrender; Travis then (having
chosen to die instead of surrender) reportedly pulled his battle sword, drew a line in
the sand of the Alamo, and asked for volunteers to cross over the line and join him,
understanding their decision would be irreversible. The legend states that all but one
of the defenders (including Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett) joined Travis on his side of
the line; Moses Rose being the only holdout. Travis then responded to Santa Anna's
letter with cannon fire, whereupon Santa Anna replied by playing El Degüello.