War Industries Board
• Distribution of raw
materials
• Price control
• Standard
specifications 
Efficiency
• Ex.  3 Shoe
Colors Permitted
Food Administration
• Herbert Hoover
• Modern
Cultivation
instruction
• Efficiency in
meal prep
• “Food will win
the war”
War Labor Board
• Environment of gov’t/business
collaboration
• Many anti-trust laws suspended
• Board pushes for:
– 8-hour work day
– Right to unionize
• War years see rise in wages,
improvement of conditions, and
surge in union membership.
Results of This New
Organization of the Economy?
1. Unemployment virtually
disappeared.
2. Expansion of “big government.”
3. Excessive govt. regulations in eco.
4. Some gross mismanagement 
overlapping jurisdictions.
5. Close cooperation between public
and private sectors.
6. Unprecedented opportunities for
disadvantaged groups.
Government Excess & Threats
to the Civil Liberties of
Americans
1. Espionage Act – 1917
2. Sedition Act – 1918
1917 – Selective Service
Act
24,000,000 men registered for
the draft by the end of 1918.
4,800,000 men served in WW1
(2,000,000 saw active combat).
400,000 African-Americans
served in segregated units.
15,000 Native-Americans served
as scouts, messengers, and
snipers in non-segregated units.
Wilson’s 14 Points
• 1 – 5:
– Solution to problems that caused the
war such as – SECRET TREATIES,
TARIFFS, MILITARISM, &
COLONIAL CONTROL.
• 6 – 13:
– Dealt with boundary changes in Europe
• 14:
– Called for creation of the League of
Nations.
Treaty’s Results
• Germany  Reparations.
• War-Guilt Clause
• New countries formed:
– Ottoman Empire Broken up into Iraq,
Syria, Lebanon & Palestine
– Austria & Hungary Separate
– Finnish Independence from Russia
– Formation of Yugoslavia &
Czechoslovakia
– Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, & Estonia 
Independent nations.
• Fragile Truce
Treaty’s Weaknesses
• Humiliation of Germany
• Russia’s Post-revolutionary (Bolshevik)
government feels ignored.
• Treaty fails to address colonies, except
stripping Germany of hers.
• French refuse to grant Independence to
colonies of Indochina  Rebel leader Ho
Chi Minh.
• Continued lack of European stability.
• Self-Determination?
U.S. Opposition to Treaty
• Congressmen vs. League of Nations 
America forced to set foreign policy
according to other nations.
• Wilson’s delegation included NO
Senators
• Wilson’s 8000 mile speaking tour (35
speeches in 22 days)  Stroke
• Treaty never ratified; Separate treaty
with Germany.