FDR and the NEW DEAL
“The only thing we have to
fear is…. fear itself”
I promise
a New Deal!
Prosperity is
just around
the corner
The Election
of 1932
INTRO to FDR
1. Americans ready for a change
2. Elected with 23 million votes (57% of
voting population)
3. More of a quarterback…willing to
experiment
The New Deal
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Complete Web: “Impact…”
Categorize federal programs: Relief
Recovery or Reform
Read: WPA article and two letters (the last
two letters in the “Letters to Eleanor packet”
- Describe the impact of job programs
individuals
Slide show:Complete Chart
Video: Develop an understanding of the AAA
Laser Disc: Gather and check info on New
Deal programs
THE DUST BOWL
Causes?
Effects?
Impact of the
Depression on the
American People
LEGISLATIVE LEADERSHIP
1. THE FIRST 100 DAYS
2. PRESIDENT AND ADVISORS WRITE
MAJOR NEW DEAL LAWS
3. CHECKS AND BALANCES
4. INCREASED POWERS OF PRES.
Executive Power
and the Role of Government
Checks
and
Balances
New Deal
Themes
Farmers
Labor
Executive Branch
Suggests Legislation
Congress:
Legislates Programs
Judicial Branch:
Determines Constitutionality
FDR – The Great Communicator
1. GREAT
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
2. FIRESIDE CHATS –
Connection to the
people
3. PRESS CONFERENCES
4. NEW ROLES FOR THE
FIRST LADY, ELEANOR
ROOSEVELT
The First 100 Days
th
9
th
16
Between March
and June
1933 Congress passed more than 15
major pieces of New Deal Legislation
Relief
Emergency Banking
Act, 1933
Federal Emergency
Relief Act, 1933
Public Works
Administration, 1933
Works Progress
Administration, 1935
Civilian Conservation
Corps, 1933
Tennessee Valley
Authority, 1933
Recovery
Reform
National Recovery
Act, 1933
Glass-Steagall
Banking Act,
1933
Home Owners
Loan Corp, 1933
Securities
Exchange Act,
1934
Federal Housing
Administration,
1934
Agricultural
Adjustment Act,
1933 and 1937
Social Security
Act, 1935
National Labor
Relations Act,
1935
Fair Labor
Standards Act,
1938
THE NEW DEAL
Relief
for those suffering
Emergency Banking Act
Closed the nation’s banks
(Bank Holiday)
Bank examiners check banks
Sound Banks Reopen
Civil Works
Administration
(CWA)
Created 3 million
work relief jobs
repairing roads, parks
and public buildings;
replaced with Works
Progress
Administration (WPA)
Public Works
Administration
(PWA)
Created jobs on
government
projects that
increased worker
buying power and
stimulated the
economy
Civilian
Conservation Corps
(CCC)
1. Provide
employment for
young men
between ages of 1825 conserving
natural resources
2. $2.5 million men
participated during
programs history
Federal
Emergency Relief
Administration
Distributed $500,000 to
states and cities for
direct relief and work
projects for the
homeless and
unemployed
Tennessee Valley Authority
(TVA)
1. Regional Development Project In
Southeast
2. Intended to provide jobs, cheap
electricity, flood control through
construction of dams
3. Dams and power plants
government owned
THE NEW DEAL
Recovery
for the sick economy
Agricultural
Adjustment Act
(AAA)
1. Sought to control
overproduction and increase
prices of agricultural
products
2. Paid farmers to reduce
number of acres they
planted and livestock raised
3. funded through a tax on
food processors
4. Declared unconstitutional in
1936 (Butler v. U.S)
National Industrial
Recovery ACT
(NIRA)
1. Established National
Recovery Administration
(NRA)
2. Suspended nation’s
anti-trust laws
3. Trade Associations
developed codes to
regulate wages, working
conditions, production,
prices
4. Declared
unconstitutional (Schecter
Poultry v. U.S.)
Home Owners Loan Corp
Refinanced mortgages of
middle income home owners
THE NEW DEAL
Reform
to prevent another Depression
Glass-Steagall
Banking Act
Social Security
Act
1. Established
Federal Deposit
Insurance Corp.
(FDIC)
1. Provided old age
insurance,
unemployment
insurance
2. Insured Bank
Accounts up to
$5,000
2. Gave assistance to
dependent children
and the elderly, ill
and handicapped
Securities Exchange Act
1. Required full disclosure of stock
offered for sale
2. Established Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) to
regulate stock market
3. Gave Federal Reserve Board
power to regulate purchase of
stock on margin
National Labor Relations Act
(Wagner Act)
1.Guaranteed Labor Right To Organize
2. Guaranteed Right to collective
bargaining
3. Outlawed unfair labor practices like
blacklisting
4. Created National Labor Relations
Board
CRITICISMS OF
THE NEW DEAL:
1. OPPOSE INCREASED GOV’T
ROLE IN ECONOMY (CREEPING
SOCIALISM)
2. OPPOSE INCREASED TAXATION
3. OPPOSE DEFICIT SPENDING
4. OPPOSE WELFARE PROGRAMS
CRITICISMS OF THE NEW DEAL:
COURT PACKING
1. BUTLER V. U.S. & SCHECHTER V. U.S.
2. FDR PROPOSES INCREASING SIZE OF
SUPREME COURT FROM 9 TO 15
3. PROPOSAL RAISES SERIOUS
CONSITUTIONAL ISSUES
4. CONGRESS REJECTS PLAN (Checks and
Balances)
NEW DEAL: COURT CASES
The United States vs.
Schechter Poultry Corporation (1935)
The Supreme Court rules the the NRA gave
Congress the power to regulate intrastate
commerce and violated sep of powers
The United States vs. Butler (1936)
The Supreme Court declares the AAA is
unconstitutional on the grounds that
agriculture is a local, not an interstate
matter
SCHECTHER (1935)
BACKGROUND: Schecther Poultry Company
bought, slaughtered, and sold chickens only in
NYS and was charged with failing to observe
minimum wage and hour provisions.
ISSUE: Does the NIRA (and the President)
have the power to regulate certain aspects of
commerce during the Depression?
OPINION: Congress, not the President has the
power to regulate commerce
BUTLER (1936)
BACKGROUND: The 1933 AAA implemented a
tax on the processing of agricultural
commodities.
ISSUE: Does the U.S. Congress exceed its
power to tax and spend in order to provide for
the general welfare of the US?
OPINION: The AAA is unconstitutional because
it attempted to regulate and control agricultural
production, an areareserved to the states