Exam 1 Study Guide Chapters 1-3
BIO 105 Spring 2013
100 points
“Nothing in the world can take the place of Persistence. Talent will not; nothing is more common than
unsuccessful men with talent. Genius will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. Education will not;
the world is full of educated derelicts. Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent. The slogan
“Press On” has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race.”
~ Calvin Coolidge (1872 - 1933)
Exam Format
1. Thirty-five 1-point multiple choice questions.
2. A 20-point matching section taken from terms below.
3. Nine 5-point short answer questions drawn from the topics below. Your answers must be in complete
sentences where indicated.
Study Tips
1. Start preparing your 3 x 5 card now.
2. Always read the chapters.
3. Make a contact in class as a study partner and call right away if you get confused.
4. Study textbook Review and Data Analysis sections.
5. Use textbook companion web site flashcards and glossary.
6. Be sure you understand the Concepts in each section.
7. Start early, handle information frequently.
8. Check for chapter supplement information used in class (we used some of Supplement 4 for chapter 2)
9. Read your notes or chapters aloud to yourself.
10. Draw bubble diagrams or concept maps.
Exam Taking Tips
1. Please write legibly.
2. Start by answering something you know for sure.
3. Avoid changing answers to multiple-choice questions. When uncertain, place a checkmark in the margin
and go back later.
4. There is lots of time. Check over your paper before turning it in.
5. Relax if you can. We are all works in progress, and one exam does not determine your final grade—
persistence and improvement will.
Terms You Should Know for Matching and General Knowledge
Ch. 1
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environmentally sustainable society
exponential growth
gross domestic product (GDP)
less-developed countries
more-developed countries
nonpoint sources
planetary management worldview
point sources
pollution, pollution cleanup/pollution
prevention
20. poverty
biodiversity
culture
developed countries
developing countries
ecological footprint
economic development
economic growth
environmental degradation
environmental ethics
environmentalism
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Ch. 2
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renewable resource
social capital
species
sustainability
sustainable yield
33. throughputs
34. time delay
35. tipping point
Ch. 3
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acidity
atom
atomic theory
chemical change
chromosome/gene relationship
data
electromagnetic radiation
electrons
energy
flows
fossil fuels
high-quality energy
high-quality matter
inputs
ion
isotopes
kinetic energy
law of conservation of energy
law of conservation of matter
low-quality energy
low-quality matter
matter
mass number
model
neutrons
nuclear change
peer review
pH
physical change
potential energy
science (reliable, frontier, unreliable)
synergy and example
abiotic
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
atmosphere
autotrophs
biogeochemical cycles
biomass
biosphere
biotic
carbon cycle
chemosynthesis
community
decomposers
detritivores
ecology
ecosystem
fermentation
food chain
food web
greenhouse gases
gross primary productivity (GPP)
net primary production (NPP
hydrologic (water) cycles
natural greenhouse effect
net primary productivity (NPP)
nitrogen cycle
nutrient (biogeochemical) cycles
organisms
photosynthesis
phosphorus cycle
population
pyramid of energy flow
sulfur cycle
trophic level
Short Answer Questions Drawn from these Topics. Wording may differ.
1. US footprint compared other countries’ footprints
2. Types of property or resource rights
3. Global ecological footprint exceeded the earth's biological capacity by how much?
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4. Rank the countries in order from the largest to the smallest per capita ecological footprint.
Japan
China
México
India
Brazil
5. If everyone on earth consumed at the same current level as the average U.S. citizens, we would need
how many more resources?
6. Three major cultural changes (revolutions) that have occurred in human history
7. Unwanted effects of pollution, types of pollution point, nonpoint
8. Root causes of environmental problems
9. Effects of poverty and of affluence
10. The real price of goods includes what components?
11. What is a worldview?
12. Four causes of environmental problems
13. Research by social scientists suggests that it takes ____ percent of the population of a community,
country, or the world to bring about major social change.
14. What is the current percentage difference between humanity's ecological footprint and earth's
ecological capacity?
15. Contrast natural capital, natural income, natural resources, and natural services.
16. Contrast renewable, nonrenewable, and perpetual resources.
17. The difference between a scientific (natural) law and a scientific theory
18. What is a cell? How does a cell relate to an ecosystem?
19. Compare low-quality, high quality energy, give examples.
20. What percentage of the energy used to produce food for living organisms, and to heat the earth, comes
from the sun?
21. Provide an example of an organic molecule.
22. List and simply describe the nuclear changes that matter can undergo.
23. Key components and properties of a system
24. Feedback loops in general and contrast positive and negative feedback loops
25. Define and give illustration of time delay.
26. Environmental threshold and example
27. The people of the United States are often said to have more of an impact on the environment than the
citizens of other countries. Using the concepts of per capita resource use and per capita degradation,
explain why that is true.
28. What percentage of the world's pollution is the responsibility of developed countries?
29. What percentage of the world's total population lacks adequate sanitation facilities? What is the
significance of those who lack adequate sanitation facilities, lack clean drinking water, and lack adequate
health care?
30. The authors suggest humans need to mimic the three strategies nature has followed toward
sustainability. What are these principles and explain why they suggest this.
31. Describe what Garrett Hardin meant by the Tragedy of the Commons, and give an example.
32. In recent years, the controversy over whether humans play a major role in global warming was fueled by
critics who stated "not enough good science" had been done. Using such concepts as the scientific
process, peer review, and reliable science discuss why this may or may not have been an accurate
statement.
33. The population of any organism will increase, if the conditions are correct, until it reaches a point where
the population cannot be sustained. This is a type of feedback loop. What type of feedback loop is this?
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34. Explain why it is important for non-scientists to understand the terms theory and hypothesis and how
scientists use these term when discussing something like global warming or evolution. Why might it be
incorrect when a non-scientist dismisses a topic like these as being "just a theory"?
35. What is a system? Give an example and indicate inputs, throughputs, and outputs. Use this figure for
ideas:
36. State first and second laws of thermodynamics
37. Explain how the human body is intimately connected to the two laws of thermodynamics. Think about
eating food!
Chapter 3—Under Construction
38. Understand how the components of a food web are connected. What happens if one is missing?
39. Order and or map these trophic levels from closest to the sun’s energy to farthest from the sun’s
energy:
a. tertiary consumer
b. secondary consumer
c. carnivore
d. herbivore
e. heterotroph
f. producers
g. omnivores
h. detritivore
i. decomposer
40. What are nature’s three most productive and three least productive systems? Do the least productive
systems have less ecological value? See figure 3-15.
41. Understand and interpret figures 3-11 and 3-12.
42. Be able to fill in missing elements on the figure below.
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Label parts of earth layers hydrosphere, troposphere, etc. See figure 3-2.
What are greenhouse gases where do they come from? Name four.
List the eight special properties of water as described in your text.
Be prepared to label six components of the phosphate cycle and six components of the sulfur cycle as
shown in figures 3-21 and 3-22. What biological processes does each of these elements affect?
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