AP Psychology
Guided Notes #11
Spring Semester 2015
Bacile
Unit XI: Abnormal Psychology & Treatment
Corresponding Modules: Modules 65-73
Topic: Abnormal (7-9%) and Treatment (5-7%)
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: CLASSIFICATION
Abnormal Psychology: The Basics

Stereotypes & Stigmas
o Psychological disorders are ______________________________
o Those with psychological disorders are violent
o People with psychological disorders behave in a bizarre manner; are considerably __________________________ from “normal” people
 Impact of these labels and/or stereotypes?

Is it really possible to categorize human beings into neat & tidy boxes?
o Normal or abnormal?
o Mentally healthy or mentally ill?
 Does abnormal behavior necessarily mean illness?

The Medical Model (18th & 19th centuries)
o Proposed that it is most useful to think of “abnormal behavior” as _____________________________________________________________
 Provided us with many terms:
 Mental illness, psychological disorder, psychopathology, etc.
 Its influence remains strong today…
 What was the focus prior to this?
 Has the medical model outgrown its usefulness?

Terminology
o Diagnosis
 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
o Etiology
 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
o Prognosis
 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Abnormal Psychology: The Criteria




Deviance
o Behavior that deviates from what society considers ______________________________________________________
 Varies considerably from one culture to the next
 Examples
o Transvestic fetishism
o __________________________
Maladaptive Behavior
o A situation in which _________________________________________________________________ is impaired/negatively impacted
 Example
 ___________________________________
Personal Distress
o An individual’s _______________________________________________________________________________________________
 Examples
 __________________________________
 __________________________________
Note: In order to diagnose a psychological disorder, _____________________________________________________________________________________________
needs to be present
Abnormal Psychology: The Perspectives
Perspective
Explanation of Behavior
Psychoanalytic
Disorders/abnormal behaviors stem
from unresolved childhood
conflicts
Behavioral
Disorders/abnormal behaviors are
learned responses (i.e.
reinforcement)
Cognitive
Disorders/abnormal behaviors are
caused by cognitive processes
(thoughts & beliefs)
Humanistic
Individuals are responsible for their
own behavior, even
disordered/abnormal behavior
Sociocultural
Disorders/abnormal behavior is
shaped by family, society & culture
Implications
Abnormal Psychology: Classifications

The Diagnostic & Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)
o ____________________________________________________________________
o Fifth edition released in 2013
 Describes 400 psychological disorders, as opposed to 60 in the 1950s

The DSM-V takes a ________________________________________________________
o Axis I: ___________________________________________________________
o Axis II: __________________________________________________________
o Axis III: _________________________________________________________
o Axis IV: _________________________________________________________
o Axis V: __________________________________________________________

Purpose of the DSM-V?
o __________________________________________________________________
o __________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Example of a DSM-V multi-axial evaluation
o 49 year-old male
 Axis I: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); substance (cocaine) abuser
 Axis II: _______________________________________________________________________
 Axis III: Hypertension
 Axis IV: _________________________________________________________ (recent divorce, permitted to see children only infrequently,
job in in jeopardy)
 Axis V: __________________________________________________________

Issues with the DSM-V?
o Critics of the DSM-V argue that labels may _____________________________________________________________
 On the other hand, labels may be _________________________________ for health professionals when communicating with one
another & when establishing _______________________________________________
o “Insanity” labels raise ethical questions regarding how society should treat people who have disorders and have committed
crimes
AP Psychology
Guided Notes #11
Spring Semester 2015
Bacile
Unit XI: Abnormal Psychology & Treatment
Corresponding Modules: Modules 65-73
Topic: Abnormal (7-9%) and Treatment (5-7%)
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: TREATMENT
Abnormal Psychology: Treatment Basics


Mental health therapies are classified into two primary categories
o The Psychological Therapies/Psychotherapy
 Includes:
 Psychoanalysis, psychodynamic therapy & interpersonal therapy
 _______________________________________________
 _______________________________________________
 _______________________________________________
o The Biomedical Therapies
Eclectic Approach..?
Abnormal Psychology: Psychological Therapies

Psychological Therapies
o Psychoanalysis
o Humanistic Therapy
o Behavior Therapy
o Cognitive Therapy
***For more information, please see corresponding chart…
Abnormal Psychology: Biomedical Therapies

Overall Trends
o Biomedical treatments are generally preferred when treating ____________________________________________________ (i.e. schizophrenia)
o Assumes that abnormal behavior is a symptom of an underlying _________________________________________________
 Examples
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
BIOMEDICAL THERAPY: DRUGS

Psychopharmacology
o ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Psychopharmatherapy
o The treatment of mental disorders with ________________________________________; also known as drug therapy

Major reasons for widespread use of drugs?
o Drugs are effective in treating disorders, especially serious disorders
o Drug therapies are often ____________________________________________________ than psychotherapy
Antipsychotic Drugs
(Neuroleptics)
Antianxiety Drugs
(Anxiolytics)
Used to Treat
Biological Function
Side Effects/Issues
Examples
Effectiveness
BIOMEDICAL THERAPY: STIMULATION

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
o Used to Treat
 _______________________________________________________________________
o Biological Function
 Scientific mystery…yes, again…
 Brief convulsions & temporary loss of consciousness
o Side Effects/Issues
Antidepressant Drugs
(Thymoleptics)
Antimania Drugs
(Mood Stabilizers)
 ____________________________________________
 ____________________________________________
o Alternatives
 _____________________________________________________________________
BIOMEDICAL THERAPY: SURGERY

Psychosurgery (Lobotomy) – Egas Moniz
o Used to Treat
 Not much, if anything…?
o Biological Function
 Brain surgery performed to change a person’s behavior or emotional state
 _____________________________________________________
o Side Effects/Issues
 Duh…
o Examples
 _____________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________