Levels of cellular organization
 Atom
 Molecule
 Organelle
 Cell
 Tissue
 Organ
 Organ System
 Organism
Cells
Prokaryotic
Bacteria
Eukaryotic
Animal
Plant
Division of Cells
 Eukaryotic Cells
 Literally means “True nucleus”

Have a ________
_______ Cells
 Have membrane-bound __________
 Organisms made of eukaryotic cells are called “________”
Examples: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Unicellular organisms like
paramecium and amoeba

Cellular Components
 Cytoplasm

___-_____ substance ______ the cell
where organelles are found
 Cytoskeleton



“Cell skeleton”
Network of _______ fibers that
maintain the ______ and structure of
cell
Composed of three networks of fibers
1.
2.
3.
Microtubules: _______; hollow
tubes made of protein; determine cell
shape; scaffolding
______________ Filaments:
Provide strength of cell
Actin Filaments: ________;
contractile string-like proteins that
allow for cell ________
Cellular Components
 Cell Membrane
 ______-permeable barrier that
_________ the cell
 Regulates what _____ and ______
the cell
 Provides protection
 Found in ____ types of cells
 Cell Wall
 Porous, ______ barrier found
_________ the ____ ________
 Adds additional layer of support and
protection
 _____ found in _______ cells
Organelles
 Nucleus
 Houses the ______
material (DNA) needed for
replication of the cell
 “______ Center” of the cell

Contains the instructions for
the creation of proteins
(made from DNA)
Exterior: Surrounded by nuclear envelope: double-layered ________
that encloses the DNA; contains nuclear pores: small ________ that allow
for the passage of molecules between the _________ and the _______
Interior: DNA in the form of ___________ (string-like)
• Nucleolus: where ribosomes are made; very _______ region
Organelles
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
 A grouping of sac-like
structures
 _____ types of ER:
______ ER: contain
ribosomes (creating ‘rough’
appearance); involved in the
process of _______
synthesis
 ______ ER: no ribosomes;
involved in ______
synthesis

 Ribosomes
 Location where _______
are made (protein synthesis)
Organelles
 Golgi Apparatus
 Looks like a stack of membranes (pancake-like appearance)
 Modifies, ____, and _______proteins received from the ER.
Break off from the golgi apparatus; float ________ in the cell or
travel to _______________where it will eventually___the cell.
 Creation of _____________

Organelles
 Lysosomes
 Contain _______ necessary for_______ of cell food or waste
 Can break down lipids, carbs, proteins
 Digest non-functional organelles, ‘_______ ___’ the cell
Organelles
 Vacuoles
 Sac-like structure responsible for _______ of various
materials (e.g. water, carbs, proteins, etc.)
Organelles
 Mitochondria
 The “___________” of the cell
 Convert _____ energy into energy that is used by the _____
itself (for growth, development, movement, etc.) via cellular
respiration


ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
_________ structure
Organelles
 Chloroplast
 Site of _____________


Energy from ____ is captured and
converted into chemical energy
Contain the pigment ________
which absorbs solar energy used in
photosynthesis

Responsible for the ______ color
of plants
Organelles
 Centrioles
 Made of ______________
 Located ______ nucleus
 ___________ microtubules within the cytoskeleton prior to
cell division