Teaching Interoperability
In A Green IT Environment
Pete Brierley
Professor
Collin College - Texas
Bill Saichek
Professor
Orange Coast College - California
http://ncttevaluation.wikispaces.com
/2009+Summer+Workshop
can you ask your workshop attendees to go to the following URL and complete the evaluation?
Welcome!
This track will address the rapidly changing
technology world:
– At Home
– At work
– At Play
– Our knowledge base and ability to teach
students awareness of the latest computing
technologies is imperative!!!
Trends
• Today’s trends will greatly impact student technology
awareness:
– Cloud Computing
– Virtualization
– Managing Data Centers
– Servers
– Storage
– workstations
– Managing communications
• Wireless Networks
– Cell
– WiFi – WiMAX – LTE
– Sustainability
Global Climate Change (GCC)
“Bad News”
Global Climate Change
Global warming is the name given by scientists
for the gradual increase in temperature of
the Earth's surface that has worsened since
the industrial revolution.
The term GCC is typically used rather than
Global Warming, since GW may be the prime
issue in GCC and not the cause. [this is a
debatable item]
© Carbon Footprint Ltd 2009 all rights reserved
Global Climate Change
• Over the past two decades the effect has
become more marked.
• Considerable evidence exists that most
warming has been caused by human
activities... that's to say we have altered the
chemical composition of the atmosphere
through a buildup of greenhouse gases –
primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and
nitrous oxide. [CO2, CH4, NO2]
© Carbon Footprint Ltd 2009 all rights reserved
Global Climate Change
What if we dismiss it as only a natural
phenomenon and do nothing?
• Rising global temperatures may result:
– causing the sea level to rise and alter local climate
conditions, affecting forests, crop yields, and
water supplies.
– It may also affect human health, animals, and
many types of ecosystems.
– In Deserts that may expand and some of our
countryside may be permanently altered.
© Carbon Footprint Ltd 2009 all rights reserved
What Will Happen in the Future if
we Do Nothing?
• Climate model simulations predict an increase in average surface air
temperature of about 2.5°C by the year 2100 (Kattenberg et al.,
1996).
• The likelihood of "killer" heat waves during the warm season will
increase (Karl et al., 1997)
• The IPCC Second Assessment Report estimates that sea-levels will
rise by approximately 49 cm over the next 100 years, with a range
of uncertainty of 20-86 cm.
• Sea-level rise will lead to increased coastal flooding through direct
inundation and an increase in the base for storm surges, allowing
flooding of larger areas and higher elevations.
• Further melting of the Arctic Ice Caps (at the current rate) could be
sufficient to turn off the ocean currents that drive the Gulf Stream,
which keeps Britain up to 6°C warmer than it would otherwise be.
© Carbon Footprint Ltd 2009 all rights reserved
What is A Carbon Footprint
• A carbon footprint is a measure of the impact our
activities have on the environment, and in
particular climate change.
– It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases
produced in our day-to-day lives through burning
fossil fuels for electricity, heating, transportation etc.
• The carbon footprint is a measurement of all
greenhouse gases we individually produce
measured in units of tons (or kg) of carbon
dioxide equivalent.
© Carbon Footprint Ltd 2009 all rights reserved
What Makes up a Carbon Footprint
© Carbon Footprint Ltd 2009 all rights reserved
Carbon Footprint
Direct and Indirect Emissions
• A carbon footprint is made up of the sum of two parts, the
primary footprint (shown as green slices of the pie chart)
and the secondary footprint (shown in yellow slices).
• 1. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct
emissions of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels including
domestic energy consumption and transportation (e.g. car
and plane). We have direct control of these.
• 2. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2
emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use those associated with their manufacture and eventual
breakdown. To put it very simply – the more we buy the
more emissions will be caused on our behalf.
© Carbon Footprint Ltd 2009 all rights reserved
Did you know?
• Each person emits 94 pounds of carbon
dioxide each day.
• It takes 4 trees to absorb one human’s carbon
dioxide per month.
• Cow farts emit so much MH2 into the air that
some countries like Great Britain are
considering charging a Carbon tax on dairy
and beef farmers.
Global Climate Change (GCC)
cloud
The Silver Lining
Global Climate Change is
“GOOD”!!!
Global Climate Change is “GOOD”!!
• How can you say that???
– Conservativeness has been rapidly eroding from massive
disconcert with regard to wasting our natural resources
– GCC has recently made the world much more aware of this
declining shift in attitude “a wake up call”
– GCC has reintroduced us to something called necessity
– Necessity is the “Mother of Invention”
– Consequently GCC has rekindled our innovativeness
• This is good!!
“It’s Not Easy Being Green”
Why is it Not Easy Being Green?
Because we are creatures of
HABIT
We Need to Overcome Old Habits
•
•
•
•
•
•
“that’s the way my grandfather did it”
Leaving the TV on, “no big deal”
Leaving lights on, “What’s the fuss?
leaving your car running while pumping gas??
Leaving you computer on 24/7
…
All these cost money that could be better spent on buying an
iPod or a number of other mobile devices and services like;
Blackberries, iPhones, iTunes, Apple Apps…
Teaching Students Awareness of
Green IT
• Define and practice “Green”
• Understand energy sources and how much it
takes to support various IT and home
appliances
• How to assess Green with “No cost Low cost”
alternatives
• Distribute and Develop practical student labs
on Green Awareness
Global Climate Change issues where students
need awareness
• Scientific
• Political
• Social
What to Approach First
– “No Cost / Low cost” scenarios *
– Energy efficiency
– Alternate energy sources
– Greenhouse gas reduction
– Reduction of waste
– Clean H2O
– Clean air
– Sustainability
*Sudhakar Kesanan, CEO, ICF International
Go Green Revolution
• Start
– Identify projects
• Build
– Develop green expectation
• Reclaim
– Make old new again *
– Stay ahead of the curve on New Technologies
• Sustain
*Wesco – member of US Green Building Council
EIA – Energy Information Agency
iStockphoto.com
"Green IT"
• Refers to the idea that IT organizations can
and should implement practices that are
environmentally friendly.
• IT organizations' increased attention to green
IT has resulted from a number of factors,
including:
– Rising energy costs,
– increased publicity regarding climate change, and
– Meaningful green legislation.
Green Certification Organizations
• In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy Star, a
voluntary labeling program which is designed to promote and recognize
energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other
technologies.
• This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer
electronics. The term "green computing" was probably coined shortly
after the Energy Star program began; there are several USENET posts
dating back to 1992 which use the term in this manner.
• Concurrently, the Swedish organization TCO Development launched the
TCO Certification program to promote low magnetic and electrical
emissions from CRT-based computer displays; this program was later
expanded to include criteria on energy consumption, ergonomics, and the
use of hazardous materials in construction.
http://www.google.com/search?q=wiki%3A+usgbc&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-an
Green Certification Organizations
• The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), founded in
1993, is a non-profit trade organization that promotes
sustainability in how buildings are designed, built and
operated.
• The USGBC is best known for the development of the
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
rating system and Greenbuild, a green building
conference that promotes the green building industry,
including environmentally responsible materials,
sustainable architecture techniques and public policy.
Lets Save energy
Digital Signage
• A form of electronic display that shows information,
advertising and other messages.
• Digital signs (using LCD, LED, plasma displays, or
projected images) now used in retail stores and
corporate buildings.
• The benefits of digital signage; content can be
exchanged easily, animations can be used, the signs
can adapt to the context and audience interactively.
• Digital signage also offers superior return on
investment compared to traditional printed signs[2].
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
[2] "The Digital Signage ROI Calculator". IAdea Corporation.
http://www.IAdea.com/roi/roi-1.html. Retrieved on 2008-03-11
CFLs Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs
iStockphoto.com
• CFLs generally use less power,
have a longer rated life, but a
higher purchase price.
• Energy Star qualified CFLs use
at least two-thirds less energy
than standard incandescent
bulbs and last up to 10 times
longer (average lifespan of a
CFL is five years).
• CFLs save $30 or more in
energy costs over each bulb's
lifetime.
• CFLs generate 70 percent less
heat, making them safer to
operate.
According to the federal government
• If every American home replaced just one light
bulb with an Energy Star approved compact
fluorescent bulb (CFL), the United States
would:
– save enough energy to light more than 2.5 million
homes for a year, and
– prevent greenhouse gases equivalent to the
emissions of nearly 800,000 cars.
Is this the greatest thing
since sliced bread???
iStockphoto.com
13 Watt CFL equivalent to 60 watt incandescent lamp
BUT ARE YOU AWARE???
iStockphoto.com
CFL Bulbs Have One Hitch
Toxic Mercury
iStockphoto.com
•
The bulbs contain small amounts of mercury, a neurotoxin, and the companies
and federal government haven't come up with effective ways to get Americans
to recycle them.
•
"The problem with the bulbs is that they'll break before they get to the landfill.
•
They'll break in containers, or they'll break in a dumpster or they'll break in the
trucks.
•
Workers may be exposed to very high levels of mercury when that happens,"
says John Skinner, executive director of the Solid Waste Association of North
America, the trade group for the people who handle trash and recycling.
http:\www.iTunes\NPR\All Things Considered
Let’s Check the Advantage
How the CFL works
Comparisons incandescent vs CFL
Reasons for Adopting Green
Solutions
an InfoWorld Research Report conducted by IDG Research Services Group, November 21, 2007, InfoWorld)
Teach Your Student to Go
GREEN
Cause them to be aware
• Buy energy efficient products
• Automate more processes
• Adopt energy efficient behavior
• Recycle
• Green their commuting
• Green their homes and workplaces
1. Buying Energy Efficient Products
• Light bulbs
• Appliances
• Multifunction devices
2. Automate More Processes
• Pay bills electronically
• Electronic transfer of funds
• Automatic depositing of payroll checks
3. Adopt Energy Efficient Behavior
• We have lots of automation – USE IT WISELY
– Shut down appliances not in use
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•
•
•
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Buy recycled paper
Avoid printing blank pages
Buy earth friendly ink
Print 2 sided even 2 up 2 sided
Use vegetable based ink (no petroleum based ink)
– Avoid metalic and warm red inks
• Contain barium, copper, zinc
4. Recycle
•
•
•
•
•
Paper
Ink Cartridges
Batteries
Computers
Electronic Equipment
5. Green Their Commute
• Telecommute
• “Think outside the gas tank”
– Walk
– Bike
– Car pool
– Hybrid car
6. Green Their Homes and
Buildings
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CFL and LED lighting
Turn off unused lights
Power off appliances
High efficiency air handling
Water efficient appliances
Reuse older material/appliances when possible
I want an iPod
but …
I can’t afford one
• It will cost $200-$400
• Is it possible?
• Can energy savings help to achieve that goal?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.
.
.
.
…
Classroom Scenario Example
• On the following slides, we will present a
scenario example that can be used in class to
illustrate to your students how much it costs
to NOT go green.
• We will work through the scenario together
Copyright 2009 - API. All rights reserved.
Student and Cars …
They Go Together Like Peanut
Butter and Jelly.
• What About Auto Fuel Efficiency?
– You can use energy more wisely if you remember
CAMS:
•
•
•
•
Combine trips
Accelerate smoothly
Maintain your vehicle
Slow down
Copyright 2009 - API. All rights reserved
Vehicle – Energy Savings
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Gasoline (too low octane-ping)
Accelerate Slowly
Remove all unneeded Weight
Filters change regular
Tire inflation (5-10%) gas mileage loss)
Wheel alignment (.5 mpg loss)
Consider Hybrid
…
WESCO Distribution
What’s the single best thing I can do
to save gasoline?
• Combine trips.
• Plan well and be sensible about how much
you drive.
• Conserve by avoiding unnecessary trips,
combining errands, and carpooling.
Copyright 2009 - API. All rights reserved
When I am behind the wheel, how
can I get more miles per gallon?
• Accelerate smoothly. Jackrabbit starts consume
twice the fuel as gradual starts
• Pace your driving. Staying at a constant speed is
better than continuously speeding up and
slowing down. Slow down.
• The faster you drive, the more gasoline your car
uses. Driving at 65 miles per hour instead of 55
miles per hour reduces fuel economy by about
two miles per gallon.
Copyright 2009 - API. All rights reserved
Besides changing driving habits, what
can I do to improve vehicle fuel
efficiency?
• Maintain your vehicle
– Have your car tuned regularly and keep tires
properly inflated.
– An engine tune-up can improve car fuel economy
by an average of one mile per gallon;
• under-inflated tires can reduce it by that amount.
• less use of your air conditioner can improve
fuel economy by as much as two miles per
gallon.
Copyright 2009 - API. All rights reserved
Does it make a difference what car I
drive?
• More fuel-efficient vehicles can save gasoline
– A highly fuel-efficient vehicle could potentially cut
gasoline use in half or more How much depends
on the vehicle and driving habits and needs
– If a less fuel-efficient car requires 20 gallons of
gasoline a week compared with 10 gallons for a
highly fuel-efficient vehicle, more than 500 gallons
of gasoline could be saved annually.
Copyright 2009 - API. All rights reserved
What about ethanol?
• Ethanol, which is often blended in gasoline,
contains less energy per gallon than gasoline
– However, a 10-percent or less ethanol blend
would have only a slight impact on fuel efficiency
– According to U.S. Department of Energy and U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency fuel economy
guidelines, E-85 (85 percent ethanol/15 percent
gasoline blend) may reduce fuel efficiency by 26
percent.
Copyright 2009 - API. All rights reserved
Does it help to fill up in the morning
when fuel is cool?
• Very little
– While it’s true that gasoline expands as it gets hotter
(reducing the energy content in a given volume), the
expansion is only about one percent for every 15
degrees F.
– Moreover, storage tanks at gasoline stations are
buried several feet underground, helping to insulate
fuel and keep temperature relatively constant.
– The benefits, if any, of filling up in the morning versus
the evening would be hard to notice.
Copyright 2009 - API. All rights reserved
How to Be Green IT
At Home
It is Cheaper to Save Energy Than to
Make Energy
http://www.epsea.org/nocost.html
It is Cheaper to Save Energy Than to
Make Energy
• No Cost and Low Cost Efficiency Tips
• Winter Tips
• Turn thermostat down 10 degrees F (5.5C) at
night
• Turn thermostat down 10 degrees F (5.5C) when
leaving for 4 hours or more
• Keep curtains open on the south side of the
house during the day
• Keep curtains closed on north windows
• Dress in layers of clothing
http://www.epsea.org/nocost.html
It is Cheaper to Save Energy Than to
Make Energy
• No Cost and Low Cost Efficiency Tips
• Summer Tips
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•
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Close curtains on the sunny sides of home
Turn off furnace pilot light
Open windows on the cool sides of home
Wear loose, light colored clothing
Use fans to circulate air in the home
http://www.epsea.org/nocost.html
It is Cheaper to Save Energy Than to
Make Energy
No Cost and Low Cost Efficiency Tips
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Turn water heater down to 120F (49C)
Clean refrigerator coils
Switch refrigerator to power miser setting
Set refrigerator temperature to 36-39F (2-3C)
Set freezer to 0 to 5 F (-18 to-15C)
Keep refrigerator/freezer full (water)
Turn off water while shaving and brushing teeth
Use cold water for wash and wash full loads
Collect rainwater
Use the right size pot/pan on the stove burner
Do not preheat your oven except for baking
Cover pots/pans when cooking
Drain some water from your water heater to remove sediment
http://www.epsea.org/nocost.html
It is Cheaper to Save Energy Than to
Make Energy
• No Cost and Low Cost Efficiency Tips
• Low Cost Tips
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Install low flow shower heads and aerators on faucets
insulate water heater
Insulate electrical outlets and switches
Caulk the inside of doors and windows
Insulate/caulk all pipe penetrations in walls and ceiling
Install a bleed line on the evaporative cooler and run line to a tree
Replace furnace filter every month in winter
Replace light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs (CFLs)
Insulate the bottom and sides of waterbeds
Use a quilt or comforter on waterbeds
Purchase a water saving toilet or use toilet dams
Make a draft dodger for use on doors or windows
http://www.epsea.org/nocost.html
Green END-USER Computing
• End-User Computing Practices Allow for
Energy Savings and Decreased GHG Emissions
at Three Levels
– While much of the attention surrounding green
IT focuses on the data center, end-user
computing practices also offer ample room for
energy savings and decreased GHG emissions
at three levels:
http://hosteddocs.ittoolbox.com/greenit.pdf
www.cio.executiveboard.com
Green END-USER COMPUTING
• Asset Selection: Refers to the selection of IT assets that
are energy efficient, including laptops, LCD monitors
for desktop computers, and thin clients.
• Asset Usage: Refers to the idea that asset management
practices can reduce the amount of electricity
consumed by IT assets.
• Asset Disposal and Recycling: Refers to
environmentally friendly methods of IT waste disposal
and recycling. This is the issue garnering the most
attention in the end-user computing space.
http://hosteddocs.ittoolbox.com/greenit.pdf
www.cio.executiveboard.com
Green END-USER COMPUTING
• Asset Selection Modifications Can Impact Organizational Energy
Consumption
• Changing IT asset selection strategies can have a large impact on
the energy consumption of an entire organization, and in turn,
affect electricity costs and GHG emissions.
• Utilize one or more of the following four asset selection strategies:
•
•
•
•
1. Refurbish old IT equipment
2. Buy IT equipment with low power features
3. Purchase laptops and LCD screens
4. Use thin clients
http://hosteddocs.ittoolbox.com/greenit.pdf
www.cio.executiveboard.com
Recycle
• Recycle:
– Paper
– Aluminum
– Glass
– Steel
– Plastic
One ton of recycled paper saves
• 3,700 pounds of lumber.
• 463 gallons of oil.
• 3.06 cubic yards of landfill space.
Each ton of recycled paper uses:
•
*64% less energy
– (saves 4,077 kilowatts of energy)
•
*58% less water
– (saves 6,953 gallons of water)
•
*74% less air pollution
– (one tree filters up to 60 pounds of pollutants from the air
each year-587 pounds of air pollution)
•
*saves 17 trees
Recycling one kilogram of
aluminum can save
•
•
•
*8 kilograms of bauxite
*4 kilograms of chemical products
*14 kilowatt hours of electricity
A single aluminum can weighs approximately ½ ounce. In 1996,
31.92 cans weigh one pound.
Recycling one aluminum can saves enough energy to run a TV
set for 3 hours or to light a 100 watt bulb for 20 hours
You can make 20 cans out of recycled material with the same
amount of energy it takes to make one new one
One ton of recycled glass saves over a
ton of resources
*1,330 pounds of sand
*433 pounds of soda ash
*433 pounds of limestone
*151 pounds of feldspar
• A ton of glass produced from raw materials creates 384 pounds of mining
waste, recycled glass cuts this by 75%
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For every ton of new glass produced, we get 27.8 pounds of air pollution.
Recycling glass reduces that pollution by 14 to 20%
.
Recycling glass saves 25 to 32% of the energy used to make glass.
Every ton of glass recycled saves 9 gallons of fuel oil
Recycling one glass bottle saves enough electricity to light a 100 watt bulb
for four hours
Every ton of steel recycled saves 5,400
BTU’s of energy
Every time a ton of steel is recycled it preserves
•
*2500 pounds of iron ore
•
*1000 pounds of coal
•
*40 pounds of limestone
• Recycling steel and tin cans saves 74% of the energy
used to produce them from raw materials.
• For every pound of steel that is recycled, enough
energy is saved to light a 60 watt bulb for a day
5 recycled plastic bottles make
enough fiberfill to stuff a ski jacket
• 9 two-liter soft drink bottles in a pound of PET
poly(ethylene terephthalate)
• One gallon of used oil provides the same 2.5 quarts of
high quality lubricating oil as 42 gallons of crude oil.
• Americans throw away enough used motor oil every
year to fill 120 supertankers
• Used oil form a single oil change (approx. one gallon)
can ruin a million gallons of fresh water – a year’s
supply for 50 people.
• Recycling used oil would save the U.S. 1.3 million
barrels of oil per day
Renewable Energy Sources
• Biomass *
• Hydrogen *
• Hydropower *
–
–
–
–
Thermal
Mechanical
Ocean Wave Energy
Ocean current Energy
• Solar
– Photovoltaic (solar cells)
– Concentrated solar power (mirrors)
• Wind Turbines *
• Geothermal heat pumps
• Geothermal *
TAX CREDITS
WESCO Distribution
Non-renewable Energy
• Coal
• Oil *
• Natural gas *
They are a finite source
Scarcity drives up price
Process environmentally damaging
Biocrude
• Ethanol has a major drawback: It corrodes pipes and picks up water,
so it cannot be transported through pipelines.
– Wouldn’t it be better if biofuels were more like gasoline and diesel?
– Then there would be no need to transform our vehicles or our fuel
distribution systems.
• Based on this insight, several start-ups are trying to engineer
microbes to make such fuels.
– LS9, a privately held San Francisco start-up that calls itself the
“renewable petroleum company,” has modified bacterial metabolic
pathways so that E. coli can eat cellulose and excrete hydrocarbons
almost indistinguishable from diesel.
• In October the company hired a veteran oilman as CEO, and it is
now seeking $100 million to build a pilot plant.
– The facility aims to produce 2.5 million barrels per year by the end of
2010. Its break-even oil price is $50 a barrel.
A 42 – US Gallon Barrel of crude oil
• Provides slightly more than 44 gallons of petroleum
products. This gain from processing the crude oil is similar
to what happens to popcorn, it gets bigger after it is
popped.
• One barrel of crude oil, when refined, produces about
19 gallons of finished engine gasoline,
• 9 gallons of diesel, as well as other petroleum products.
– Most of the petroleum products are used to produce energy.
• propane to heat their homes and fuel their cars.
– Other products made from petroleum include:
• ink, crayons, bubble gum, dishwashing liquids, deodorant, eyeglasses,
records, tires, ammonia, and heart valves.
Energy From Coal
Cost of Coal
2009 July 02
How Much for That Kilowatt-Hour?
• A kilowatt-hour of electricity is the amount of energy it
takes to run 10 light bulbs of 100 watts for one hour.
• In 2007, according to the Energy Information
Administration, monthly residential electricity consumption
averaged 936 kilowatt-hours per household.
• The average price of a kilowatt- hour, adjusted to 2009
dollars, has fluctuated over the years, ranging from about
nine cents in the 1970s up to 13 cents in the 1980s; it was
9.6 cents in December 2008.
• Prices vary considerably by state, depending on the local
regulations and sources of supply. Residents of Connecticut
pay nearly 20 cents per kilowatt-hour, for example, while
Idahoans pay only 7.5 cents.
Facts
• 1 cubic foot of coal = 50 lbs
• 1 lb of coal to generate 1 kWh of electricity
Provided by National Energy Foundation
How Much Coal to run a 100 Watt
Light bulb 24/7/365
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365 days x 24 hours = 8760 hrs/yr
100 Watt  ( .1 kWhrs) x (8760 hrs/yr) = (876 kWhrs/yr)
Thermal energy content of coal is (6150 kWhrs/ton)
Efficiency factor to produce electricity = 40% = .40
Therefore: ( .40 x 6150 kWhrs )= (2460 kWhrs/ton)
(100 W light bulb) = (876kWhrs) / (2460kWhrs/ton) = (.357 tons of coal)
2000 lbs = 1 ton
(2000 lbs/ton) x (.357 tons) = (714 lbs of coal)
(714 lbs of coal) / (2000 lbs/ton) = (0.357 tons) x ( $50/ton to produce) = ($17.85/ton to
produce)
(714 lbs of coal) x (1kWhr/lb) = (714 kWhrs)
(714 kWhrs/yr) x ($.13/kWhr) = ($92.82/year) of one 100 watt light bulb
(800kWh/month) x ($.13/kWh) = ($114/month) x (12months) = ($1,368/year)
(800 lbs of coal/month) x (12 months) = (9600 lbs of coal) / (50 lbs/cubic foot 192 cubic
feet
Typical 500 Meg Watt coal plant produces 3.5B kWh/year
–
Enough for 4M 100 W bulbs for one year = 1.43 tons of coal
One Cubic Foot Coal = 50 Pounds
One pound of coal = one kWhr
Coal to Electricity Table for Appliances
Avg
Wattage
Dishwasher
1,201
Microwave
1,450
Range
12,200
Clothes Dryer
4,856
Iron
1,100
Washing Machine
512
Refrigerators/Freezers 2,250
Hair Dryer
600
B/W Television
45
Color Television
145
Clock
2
Vacuum Cleaner
630
Provided by National Energy Foundation
Avg
KW
1.20
1.45
12.20
4.86
1.10
0.51
2.25
0.60
0.05
0.14
0.01
0.63
Estimated Pounds
of Coal Consumed
Annually
363
190
730
993
60
103
1,500
25
100
320
320
46
Solve This Issue *
• You utilize a monthly average of 1400kWhrs
from your electrical energy service.
• Using info provide earlier plus Internet
searches, research those appliances not listed.
Questions:
1. Construct a bar graph that indicates the amount
of coal required to run each of the following
appliances for one hour.
–
–
–
–
–
–
dishwasher
clothes dryer
microwave
water heater
range
color TV
Provided by National Energy Foundation
Questions:
2. How many pounds of coal would be needed
to operate a color TV for
– 8 hours?
– 16 hours?
– 24 hours?
Provided by National Energy Foundation
Questions:
3. How many hours of electricity annually do the
following appliances consume based upon the
"Coal to Electricity" table?
– Color TV?
– Water Heater?
– Dishwasher?
– Clock?
Provided by National Energy Foundation
Questions:
4. How much more coal is needed to run a color
TV for one hour than to run a B/W TV?
Provided by National Energy Foundation
Questions:
5. A 100 watt light bulb uses 1 kW of electricity
per hour. How many pounds of coal are
needed to run one 100 watt light bulb for:
– 6 hours?
– 8 hours?
– 10 hours?
Provided by National Energy Foundation
Questions – with answers:
1. Construct a bar graph that indicates the amount of
coal (lbs) required to run each of the following
appliances for one year.
Annual One Hour
–
–
–
–
–
–
dishwasher
clothes dryer
microwave
water heater
range
color TV
|||
363
|||||||||
993
||
190
|||||||||||||||||| 3260
|||||||
730
|||
320
Answers May vary
Provided by National Energy Foundation
____
____
____
____
____
____
Questions – with answers:
2. How many pounds of coal would be needed
to operate a color TV for
– 8 hours? 1.12 pounds
– 16 hours? 2.24 pounds
– 24 hours? 3.36 pounds
Provided by National Energy Foundation
Questions – with answers:
3. How many hours of electricity annually do the
following appliances consume based upon the
"Coal to Electricity" table?
– Color TV?
– Water Heater?
– Dishwasher?
– Clock?
Provided by National Energy Foundation
320 kwh
4,219 kwh
363 kwh
320 kwh
Questions – with answers:
4. How much more coal is needed to run a color
TV for one hour than to run a B/W TV?
– 0.09 pounds per hour
Provided by National Energy Foundation
Questions – with answers:
5. A 100 watt light bulb uses 1 kW of electricity
per hour. How many pounds of coal are
needed to run one 100 watt light bulb for:
– 6 hours? 0.6 pounds
– 8 hours? 0.8 pounds
– 10 hours? 1.0 pound
Provided by National Energy Foundation
It is Now Time for You to Measure
Watts
• Kill-A-Watt *
One Cubic Foot Coal = 50 Pounds
One pound of coal = one kWhr
Coal to Electricity Table for Appliances
Avg
Wattage
Dishwasher
1,201
Microwave
1,450
Range
12,200
Clothes Dryer
4,856
Iron
1,100
Washing Machine
512
Refrigerators/Freezers 2,250
Hair Dryer
600
B/W Television
45
Color Television
145
Clock
2
Vacuum Cleaner
630
Provided by National Energy Foundation
Avg
KW
1.20
1.45
12.20
4.86
1.10
0.51
2.25
0.60
0.05
0.14
0.01
0.63
Estimated Pounds
of Coal Consumed
Annually
363
190
730
993
60
103
1,500
25
100
320
320
46
Enjoy your Kill A Watt !!!
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Green