Mediterranean Civilizations
By Ella, Edee, Ayala, and Nechama
Tyre the Trading Empire
What was so special about this small Mediterranean Island?
Where was Tyre?

Tyre was very important in
the Mediterranean area, it
was built on an eastern
Island in the
Mediterranean.

Tyre controlled two
Harbors in the area.

Phoenician sailors were
most trusted at these two
harbors.

They also controlled a
fertile coastal strip with a
lot of minor towns.
What was so Popular about Tyre?

At the beginning of the Iron age, Tyre became the most
important city in the region.

During the Assyrian takeover kings all around boasted that
they had captured Tyre.

Tyre had the best water, but were surrounded by very
salty water, boats had to bring fresh water to the small
Island.

When Assyria was taking over the surrounding cities, they
were not interested in the land of Tyre but the power of
trade.
Were there any Wars there?
Assyria is taking over . . . other surrounding cities are
already overtaken, Tyre is resisting, how long will they hold?

In order to make the Assyrians lose interest in taking over
Tyre is , the Tyrians had to acquire objects from the west.
Those made them more attractive to attack to get goods,
but with others taking goods, Assyria couldn’t capture
them.

Next Tyre was attacked by looters, they lost most of their
belongings.

At this point surrounding cities were overtaken, Tyre was
then recovered from the looting. But were still missing
precious belongings.
Who were the Looters?

The looters were a group of people that called
themselves, The Sea Peoples.

They would attack their opponents by docking their boats
and coming up out of the sea onto their land and starting
to attack.

The Sea Peoples were raiding from approximately 12761178 BCE Concentrating their efforts mostly on the land of
Egypt.

While Tyre was very rich, they changed their course and
went to Tyre and were the only people to ever overtake
the land in history.
What Ended Tyre?

Alexander the Great ordered his troupes to build a
causeway to the island of Tyre, they threw the ancient
ruins of the main land of Tyre into the sea, creating a dam
to cross.

They made a dam to get to the island, within hours it was
like Tyre had never existed.

Meanwhile other cities were also being attacked by
Alexander’s troupes, yet Alexander wanted to personally
see the end of the worlds greatest civilization.

Tyre is now filled to the brim with museums, and
archeological dig cites.
The Phoenician Alphabet
What was so special about it?
The Phoenician Letters
What the Letters Mean
What was so Special about their
Alphabet?

The Phoenicians developed their alphabet in the 15th
century BCE

The Phoenicians had one of the first widely used alphabet.

They used the alphabet originally for trading.

They named the letters like Hebrew letters (alef, bet…)

The alphabet was strongly inspired by the Egyptians
More about the Phoenician Alphabet


It is related to Hebrew.
strongly inspired from Egypt

All we know about it is from
letters from Rib Adda to
Amenhopis III.

Text in the Phoenician
alphabet appeared in Cilicia,
Asia Minor, Surya, Greek and
Levant.

Modern scripts that were
“based” on the Phoenician
alphabet are: Arabic, Hebrew,
Latin and Greek.
The Phoenicians
Sailors of the Mediterranean
How did Phoenician Trade Effect the
Fertile Crescent?

The Phoenicians were the first trading Empire

They were amongst the greatest traders

Phoenicia was made of city-states all over the
Mediterranean

They lived in modern Lebanon and Syria from about 3,000
BCE

Their most prosperous period was in the 10th century BCE
What did the Phoenicians Trade?

Gold and Jewels

Other Metals

Cloth and Wood

Figs and Olives

Oil and Wine

Honey and Spices

Strange Animals

Ivory and Pottery Tools
Why was Sailing so Important to the
Phoenicians?

All of their trade was done by sea

Owning a ship allowed a civilian to trade and make good
money

Boats were very important to Society

We still use the Phoenician's methods for boat building
today

The Phoenicians sailed all the way to the Atlantic Ocean and
had colonies there
A Map of the Phoenician Trade Routes
The Rise of the Israelites
Who are they?
Why was Abraham Chosen to Lead the
Israelites?

God new that Abraham
would help the Israelites
know about Him in the
perfect way

The way that everyone knew
he was special is because it
said it in the stars

Abraham knew about God
when he was three years old
What did the Israelites do in their
Daily lives?

For 100s of years the
Israelites were shepherds,
merchants and famers

The Israelites mostly
farmed the seven species
of Israel: Barley, Wheat,
Dates, Grapes, Figs,
Pomegranates and Olives
The Two Kingdoms of Ancient Israel

After King Solomon died
Israel split into two
Kingdoms

The first Kingdom was the
Kingdom of Israel

The second Kingdom was
the Kingdom of Judah

Israel split because the
son of King Solomon made
them work really hard
Bibliography
1.
2.
3.
“The Phoenician Alphabet and Language." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 25
Sept. 2015.
"Ancient Scripts: Phoenician." Ancient Scripts: Phoenician. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015.
"Phoenician/Canaanite ." Phoenician Alphabet and Language. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2015
4.
"Ancient Phoenician Ships, Boats and Sea Trade." Ancient Phoenician Ships, Boats and Sea
Trade. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2015.
5.
Jacobs, Heidi Hayes., Brenda Randolph, and Michal L. LeVasseur. "Mediterranean
Civilizations." The Ancient World. Needham, MA: Prentice Hall, 1998. N. pag. Print.
6.
"THE PHOENICIANS." THE PHOENICIANS. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2015.
7.
"TimeMaps." Atlas of World History. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2015.
8.
"Sea Peoples." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2015.
9.
"Tyre." : History. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2015.
10.
Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2015.
11.
"Tyre and the Bible | Destruction Of Tyre | Alexander the Great Victory."Tyre and the Bible |
Destruction Of Tyre | Alexander the Great Victory. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2015.
12.
, "Ancient Jewish History: The Two Kingdoms." The Two Kingdoms of Israel. N.p., n.d. Web. 12
Oct. 2015”
13.
The movie “young Avraham”
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