Bellringer: 10/5 and 10/6

Pick up the paper on the desk by the door.

Take out a piece of notebook paper.

Write a 3-4 sentence reflection on the Unit 1 and 2 Test
you took last class. Consider what you think went well on
the test, what you think you could have done better, and
any concerns you have about the test.
Agenda: 10/5 and 10/6
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1. Bellringer
2. Timeline: Civilizations in the Mediterranean/Middle East
3. Notes/Lecture: Peoples of the Mediterranean and the
Middle East
4. Activity:
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

Mapping
Video
Worksheet: Hanging Gardens of Nebuchadnezzar
300 BCE
330 BCE
550 BCE
585 BCE
600 BCE
690 BCE
1100 BCE
1200 BCE
1550BCE
1600 BCE
1800 BCE
2000 BCE
2300 -2100 BCE
People of the Mediterranean and
The Middle East
Ms. Allen
World History I – 2015-16
People of the Mediterranean:
Phoenicians
Ms. Allen
World History I – 2015-16
Background on Phoenicians
Began in modern-day Lebanon
 City-states develop by 1200 BCE
 Famous for….
 Commerce
 Dyes
 Spreading alphabet
 Colonies

Phoenician Geography

Phoenicia was
located between
the eastern
Mediterranean
coast and the
Lebanon
Mountains
Phoenicians Territory
Politics/Government in Phoenicia
 Not
a unified nation
 Consisted of independent city-states
Phoenician Economy/Commerce
•Trade = dominates
Phoenician economy
•Where is commerce
centered?
•Major city states
(Byblos, Sidon, Tyre)
•How far did they trade?
•All across the
Mediterranean coast
Phoenician
Economy/Commerce
Phoenician
Commerce

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Known as the “purple merchants”
Exports?
 Royal purple dye from murex sea snail
 Found only in the waters of eastern
Mediterranean
 Eventually exploited to extinction
 Wood (cedar)
 Slaves
 Glass
 Wine/olive oil
Imports?
 Silver from Iberia
 Ivory, gold
 Even tin from Britain
Phoenician Advancements


Purple dye
Ship design/building

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Galleys made of cedar
wood
Sails & oars
Phoenician alphabet
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Leads us towards more
modern-day
languages/alphabets
Beginning of the Semitic
language family
Semitic Language Family
Phoenician Alphabet
Comparison of Alphabets
Phoenician Colonies

Sailed and colonized throughout
the Mediterranean beginning
circa 1000 B.C.E.
 EXAMPLES:
 Gades (modern-day Spain)
 Carthage = most important
Phoenician colony.
 Located in northern Africa
Phoenician Colonies
Phoenician Colony of Carthage
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Founded in 814 BC
Location?
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Modern-day Tunisia
First colonization
Eventually becomes a
great empire
Fights rivals for power,
territory
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Greeks in 400s-300s
BCE
Romans in 200s-100s
BCE
Summarizing the Phoenicians: What did
they become?
They became expert traders.
2. Trade routes to the east were blocked
by mountains and hostile neighbors.
3. They used the Mediterranean Sea and
became expert sailors
4. They had an abundance of cedar,
purple dye, silverwork, ivory carvings
and slaves
1.
People of the Middle East:
Hittites, Assyrians, and Chaldeans
Ms. Allen
World History I – 2015-16
1. THE Hittites
Geography of the Hittites

Little known about them until archaeological
discoveries of early 20th century

Migrated to Asia Minor (modern Turkey) from
northern Europe circa 3000 B.C.E.
Evolution of the Hittites:
First Hittite Empire

Begins in 1900 B.C.E.

Empire stretched from Aegean Sea to
Euphrates River
Second Hittite Empire

Dates: 1500-1200 B.C.E.

Included Asia Minor, Palestine, and Syria

Decline and fall
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Continuous warfare with Egypt
1200 B.C.E. – conquered by northern barbarians
Eventually absorbed by Assyria
Hittite Economy:

Link between Mesopotamia and western Asia

Had monopoly on Armenian and European
metals for hundreds of years

Developed iron for tools and weapons

Wealth from trade of gold, iron, lead, and silver

Trade shown in numerous excavated clay tablets
(tracked trade, transactions)
Hittite Politics/Government

Ruled by a king

Heavily fortified
city walls

Written laws
show Babylonian
influence
Hittite Advancements:
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Fortified city
walls
Art
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Crude carvings
Stone lions at
city entrances
Carvings of
animals and
warriors
Assyrians – An aggressive mountain people who
had waged war for years against the Babylonians
2. THE Assyrians
Who are the Assyrians?
•An aggressive
mountain people
who had waged
war for years
against the
Babylonians
Achievements of Assyrians

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Used iron
Expanded empire through war
Conquered Egypt & the Fertile Crescent.
Used military innovations
 Battering ram, siege towers
 Cavalry/chariots/infantry
 Conscription (drafting soldiers)
Achievements of Assyrians

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
Built roads for troop movement
Messenger service to report
rebellions.
Conquered people were tortured
and enslaved
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Tunneled under walls to attack
other civilizations
Divided empire into provinces
(states ruled by a governor,
protected by the military)
3. THE Chaldeans
Geography
- In modernday Iraq
- Built on the
territory of
what river
valley
civilization?
Parts of Babylon have been rebuilt by
Saddam Hussein
Rebuilt by Saddam Hussein
Mosul on the Tigris River
Important Leader: Nebuchadnezzar

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He rebuilt Babylon
Had the Hanging Gardens constructed
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One of the 7 Wonders of the World
Conquers city of Jerusalem
Deports Hebrews to Babylon to keep them from
rebelling
Nebuchadnezzar
630-562BC
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Religion: The Star Gazers of Babylon

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Priests observed and kept records of the heavens
Located in ziggurats
Believed stars determined human destiny

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Could be used to foretell the future
They observed the Zodiac

Zodiac = belt of 12 constellations and the phases of the moon
Priests studied the stars. Their study formed
the basis for both astronomy & astrology.
First Historical Horoscope
Chaldean Numerology
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Believed to be the oldest of the systems of numerology
Converts letters to numbers using numbers 1 to 8.
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Ones = a beginning or genesis
Higher numbers = progress through life,
Eights = completion.
HOMEWORK

Read pages 67-76 in your textbook and take notes.

Bring a flash drive to class tomorrow if possible.

10/9 (THIS FRIDAY): Quiz on the Peoples of the
Mediterranean and Middle East