9.1: INVENTORS
AND INVENTIONS
QUIZ
1. In the mid-1800’s, farmers shifted from selfsufficiency to crop __________.
2. _________means to “undertake” investing in
new industries.
3. The market ______ refers to the new
economic system where people buy and sell
goods rather than making goods for
themselves.
4. _________ is a system where individuals
and businesses control factories, land, and
machines.
5. Cyrus McCormick invented the _____.
QUIZ
1. _________ is a system where individuals
and businesses control factories, land, and
machines.
2. The market ______ refers to the new
economic system where people buy and sell
goods rather than making goods for
themselves.
3. Cyrus McCormick invented the _____.
4. In the mid-1800’s, farmers shifted from selfsufficiency to crop __________.
5. John Deere invented the ______.
TIMELINE OF AMERICAN
INVENTIONS
1791: Sam Slater brings the textile mill to US
1793: Eli Whitney invents cotton gin
1798: Eli Whitney invents interchangeable parts
1807: Jefferson’s Embargo
1807: Robert Fulton begins steamboat era
1813: Francis Lowell, entrepreneurs, start textile mills
1817-1825: Construction of Erie Canal
1837: John Deere invents steel plow
1837: Morse invents telegraph
1839: Charles Goodyear vulcanizes rubber
1846: Howe and Singer invent sewing machine
1840s Expansion of railway & telegraph system
1851: Singer invents sewing machine
1851: Cyrus McCormick invents mower-reaper
FACTORS IN
INDUSTRIALIZATION
•
•
•
•
•
•
Embargo of 1807
War of 1812
Tariff of 1816
American System
Cheap immigrant labor in North East cities
Fast New England rivers, coal deposits for
powering factories
• Robust system of ports, roads, canals&railways
• Application of steam power to shipping and
manufacturing needs
• Development of new markets between
America’s regions
http://historywired.si.edu/images/enlarged/212a.jpg
1837: John Deere invents the steel plow.
What was the impact of this device?
Agricultural ad, 1859
Agricultural ad, 1859
The manufacture of agricultural implements was becoming a major industry by
1860. Now the farmers shown on the fringe could put down their scythes and let the
mechanical reaper do the work. (Library of Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Model of McCormick reaper, 1850s
(Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.)
What is the long-term impact of the
mechanical reaper?
Woman with sewing machine
Woman with sewing machine
Asked to repair a sewing
machine that did not do
continuous stitching, Isaac M.
Singer invented one that did.
Patented in 1851, the Singer
machine quickly dominated the
market. Although most early
sewing machines were used in
factories, some had made their
way into households by 1860.
(Library of Congress)
WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE
SEWING MACHINE?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
http://eng.minsvyaz.ru/site.shtml?id=53
http://rs6.loc.gov/ammem/sfbmhtml/sfbmhighlights01.html
Fulton’s
Steamboat
1807
Why was transportation –
particularly the canals and
railroads – so important in
the early stages of
industrialization?
Map: Railroad Growth, 1850-1860
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Map: Major American Cities in 1830 and
1860
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
What are the advantages
of specialization?
What are the
disadvantages?
What was the South’s
reaction to
industrialization and
modern inventions?