Unit 1
THE PROMISE OF AMERICA
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
How did democracy in America grow between
1776 and 1870?
 To what extent is American Democracy still a
broken promise?
 Take Cornell notes on lecture then complete
the review sheet.

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

“We hold these truths to be
self-evident: That all men are
created equal; that they are
endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable
rights; that among these are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness; that, to secure
these rights, governments are
instituted among men,
deriving their just powers
from the consent of the
governed…
AFTER INDEPENDENCE

Articles of Confederation



1787: Constitutional
Convention



1st government
Too weak
U.S. Constitution
Still our government
James Madison: father of
Constitution
THE BILL OF RIGHTS

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

1st 10 amendments to the constitution
1st: freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly,
petition
2nd: right of militia to bear arms
3rd & 4th: no quartering or unreasonable searches
5th-8th: rights of accused
9th: protection of non-enumerated rights
10th: non-enumerated powers to the states
ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS





Passed by Federalist Congress to limit power of DemocraticRepublicans
Raise Citizenship Requirement from 5 to 14 years
Deport (peace time) or jail (during war) dangerous aliens
Sedition Act: Fine & imprisonment for impeding government
policies or defaming its officials
Matthew Lyon & others
imprisoned for writing
criticisms of Adams
LOYAL OPPOSITION
Belief that you can love and be loyal to your
country, and still criticize the government.
 Sedition threatens Free Speech.
 Without free speech there is no other freedom.
 In our history we have passed Sedition laws, to
silence protest.

 World
War I Sedition Act
GROWTH OF DEMOCRACY

1830: Universal White Male
Suffrage
 Property
restrictions to vote
dropped
National Conventions
 Andrew Jackson—People’s
President

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT, 1830
Removed all Native Americans living east of the
Mississippi
 included 5 Civilized Tribes

 Cherokee,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole
 Land coveted because of Gold and Cotton
Worchester v Georgia: Supreme Court
recognized Indian land rights
 Jackson ignored court

TRAIL OF TEARS

4,000 Cherokees died during forced removal.
“MANIFEST DESTINY”
First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in
1845.

 ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and
to possess the whole of the continent which Providence
has given us for the development of the great experiment of
liberty … and self-government….. It is right such as that of the
tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full
expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."
 Idea
& emotion Americans felt when they realized
whole continent should be theirs
TEXAS
1820: 1st Americans to
Texas
 Promised to..

Become Catholics
 Become Mexican
citizens
 To follow the law that
abolished slavery.


Texas became
independent, 1836
Remember the Alamo!
MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR, 1846-1848
U.S. Annexed Texas in 1945
 Border dispute with Mexico
 U.S. wanted to purchase California & New
Mexico territory
 Fighting Along Border
 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo promised U.S.
citizenship rights to Mexican population of new
territory. Promise was broken

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT




Began 1820:
William Lloyd
Garrison
Frederick
Douglass
Sojourner Truth
Harriet Tubman
DRED SCOT V SANFORD



1857
Supreme Court
overturned Missouri
Compromise
Upheld Property Rights
of Slaveholders in all
U.S. territory.
BLEEDING KANSAS & HARPER’S FERRY

John Brown turned to violence
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, 1860-1865


Slavery
States Rights
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION





Lincoln, Jan. 1, 1963
All slaves living in states in rebellion were forever
free.
13th Amendment Abolished Slavery
14th Citizenship
15th Right to Vote
American History
UNIT 1 REVIEW: THE
PROMISE OF AMERICA
OBJECTIVE TEST:
 Multiple
Choice Questions
can NOT use notes or handouts
 98% of the questions are on this
review sheet.
 You

This statement is found in what document? “We hold
these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created
equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights,
governments are instituted among men, deriving their just
powers from the consent of the governed…
Written in 1776
Declaration of Independence
Who
wrote the Declaration of
Independence?
Third President
Thomas Jefferson

Who is he in this statement from the Declaration of
Independence? “History of repeated injuries and usurpations, all
having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny
over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid
world…. He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome
and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his
governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance,
unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be
obtained; and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to
attend to them.”
George III, King of England
 This
song was used as a code to let slaves
know that someone was there from the…
Wade
in the water, wade in the water, children,
Wade in the water, God’s gon’ trouble the water.
Maybe Harriet
Underground Railroad
 During
the Civil War, photographers’ images
were captured on _____ _____ negatives
then printed on paper and mounted.
Not Cup Plastic
Plate Glass

Historians say that photography changed the Civil War
by allowing families to have a keepsake ____ of their
fathers or sons as they were away from home, it
enhanced the image of _____ figures like President
______, intense images of _____ horrors were
presented to the public for the first time bringing the
_________ of war to the people.
Image, candidate, Honest Abe,
Antietam, not imaginary
photograph
Lincoln
battlefield
political
reality

What amendment to the constitution is this?
“Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of
speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the
Government for a redress of grievances.”
In the Bill of Rights
1st Amendment

What amendment to the constitution is this?
“No person shall be held to answer for a capital,
or otherwise infamous crime …. nor shall any
person be subject for the same offence to be
twice …. nor shall be compelled in any criminal
case to be a witness against himself.
Take the ___th
5th Amendment

The Bill of Rights guarantees all of the following rights:
2nd: The right of the people to keep and bear
____________. 4th: The right of the people to secure in
their persons, houses, and papers, against unreasonable
_______________; 7th: The right of __________ by jury.
arms
searches
trial

This image is
about what
historical
event?
The Cherokee
Trail of Tears
 The
Indian Removal Act was pushed
through Congress under the leadership of
President…
st
1
Western President
Andrew Jackson
 In
what Supreme Court ruling did John
Marshall say that the state of Georgia had
no right to force the Cherokee off their
land.
WvG
Worcester v. Georgia
 The
Mexican-American War was caused by
a dispute over the border of __________
between the U.S. and Mexico, American
belief in ____________ ____________,
and U.S. desire to purchase
_______________ from Mexico.
Texas
Manifest Destiny
California

This document is from John Burnett’s Story of what
event? “On the morning of November the 17th we
encountered a terrific sleet and snow storm with
freezing temperatures and from that day until we
reached the end of the fateful journey on March the
26th, 1839, the sufferings of the Cherokees were
awful. …
After Indian Removal Act
Trail of Tears
 In
order to settle the Mexican province of
Texas, Stephen Austin and American settlers
agreed to all of the following: To become
_______________ citizens, to convert to
the _______________ faith, and to own no
_______________.
Mexican
Catholic
slaves
 Who
was president during the
Mexican-American War?
Jimmy K. Folk
James K. Polk

“Other nations have undertaken … hostile
interference against us … hampering our power,
limiting our greatness and checking the fulfillment of
our manifest destiny to overspread the continent
allotted by Providence ( God ) for the free
development of our yearly multiplying millions.”
The phrase “Manifest Destiny” was coined by…
Irish-American
Journalist
John O’Sullivan

“Fellow-citizens, above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear
the mournful wail of millions! whose chains, heavy and
grievous yesterday, are, to-day, rendered more intolerable by
the jubilee shouts that reach them. If I do forget, if I do not
faithfully remember those bleeding children of sorrow this day
… would be treason most scandalous and shocking, and would
make me a reproach before God and the world. My subject,
then, fellow-citizens, is American slavery. I shall see this day
and its popular characteristics from the slave's point of view…
the conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on
this 4th of July!” The above Fourth of July speech from 1852
was given by…
Frederick Douglass
 What
Abolitionist chose to use violence to
try to end slavery?
Started Killing in
Kansas
John Brown

The 5 Southern tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek) were considered
____ because they lived exactly like their white
neighbors.
Not savage
Civilized

What event
is depicted in
this
painting?
Mural is in Topeka
Bleeding Kansas
 The
Abolitionist leader of the Underground
Railroad, known as “Moses” who freed
over 300 slaves was
Not Sojourner
Harriet Tubman
 The
Federal arsenal in Virginia where John
Brown attempted to get weapons to arm
the slaves in 1858 was
Musicians Boat
Harpers Ferry

In 1857 the Supreme Court ruled that slaves
were not people, had no rights. This overturned
the Missouri Compromise and protected slave
owners property in all U.S. territory. What was
this ruling?
Anxious Brit v. S
Dred Scot v. Sanford
19th century doctrine that westward
expansion of the United States was not only
inevitable but a God given right was…
 The
Evident Fate
Manifest Destiny

President of the United States from 1801-1809,
he wrote the Declaration of Independence and
purchased the Louisiana Territory. He was…
TJ
Thomas Jefferson

What event
would cause this
advertisement
to be put in a
newspaper?
Underground Railroad

When Lincoln issued this it said that on Jan. 1,
1863; all slaves living in states in Rebellion were
forever free.
Free Anouncement
Emancipation Proclamation

From 1787-1789, representatives from every
state met in Philadelphia to reshape the
American government at the
Blueprint Meeting
Constitutional Convention
 The
Publisher of the Liberator and organizer
of the American Abolitionist movement in
1820 was
Bill L. Command Post
William Lloyd Garrison

The American Artist & writer who lived among
Indians west of Mississippi 1820-1850; recording
& painting about their lives; providing the only
detailed record of the Native American life west
of Mississippi before white settlers was
Not Feorge Doglin
George Catlin
Civil War was the 1st war to be
photographed. The leading Civil War
Photographer was
 The
M.B.
Mathew Brady
SOME QUESTIONS WILL ASK YOU TO
INTERPRET A PASSAGE FROM A DOCUMENT
WE HAVE READ SUCH AS:

“A current of emigration soon followed from
the United States. Slaveholders crossed the
Sabine (river between Louisiana and Texas)
with their slaves, … Certainly Mexico might
justly charge our citizens with disgraceful
robbery, while, in seeking extension of slavery,
the great truths of American freedom…” by
Charles Sumner, 1847.
What is Sumner’s position on War with Mexico?
ESSAY QUESTIONS FOR THE TEST:
YOU WILL BE ABLE TO USE YOUR
NOTEBOOK ON THE ESSAY
QUESTIONS:
THERE WILL BE SOME (YOU CHOOSE 2 OF 4
CHOICES) SHORT ANSWER ESSAYS (1-2
PARAGRAPHS) SUCH AS…

Analyze the
photograph to the right
by describing what you
see and explaining the
historical significance
of the photo:
LONG ESSAY (1 TO 1 ½ PAGES):
FOUNDED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF
LIFE, LIBERTY, AND THE PURSUIT OF
HAPPINESS; AMERICA WOULD
STRUGGLE TO FULFILL THESE
PROMISES FOR ALL ITS PEOPLE.
Pick two of the events below to write about this
topic. You must
 express an opinion on each event,
 show its significance to the struggle to fulfill the
American Promise and
 use factual details (people, places, dates, events,
ideas) to support your thoughts.
 You can also quote from the documents you
have (Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights,
etc):

PICK TWO OF THE EVENTS BELOW TO WRITE
ABOUT THIS TOPIC.





The Passage of the Alien & Sedition Acts and the
1st Amendment
Andrew Jackson & the Indian Removal Act
Manifest Destiny and the Mexican War
Slavery & the Abolitionist Movement
The American Civil War