ENG 312: Final Exam
Language Awareness
by Eschholz, Rosa and Clark
9th Edition (2005), pages 421-689
by
Don L. F. Nilsen
Ebru Erdem &
Olena Tsurska
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CONTRASTS
• argument vs. narration vs.
description vs. exposition
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bilingual vs. English only
comparison vs. contrast
connotation vs. denotation
deduction vs. induction
euphemism vs. dysphemism
objective vs. subjective
status vs. connection (power/solidarity)
topic vs. thesis sentence
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DEFINITIONS:
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ASAP
argot
bureaucratese
e-mail shouting
emoticons (smileys)
epiphany
flaming
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MORE DEFINITIONS
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gossip
hate speech
irony
jargon
non-sequitur
Orwell Award
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STILL MORE DEFINITIONS
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paradox
post hoc ergo propter hoc
psychobabble
rhetorical question
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
slang
spamming
xenophobia
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ETYMOLOGIES
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brand new
deadline
faux pas
fly off the handle
nepotism
pot boiler
slogan
snapshot
toe the line
weasel word
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EXAMPLES
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allusion
analogy
cliché
colloquial expression
idiom
label of primary potency
metaphor
personification
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GIVE AN IMPORTANT LINGUISTIC
INSIGHT OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING:
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Patrick Buchanan
Thomas Jefferson
Martin Luther King
Barbara Kingsolver
George Orwell
Sojourner Truth
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LISTINGS (5 POINTS EACH)
• 5 advertising "errors"
• 5 reappropriated slogans
• 5 examples of weasel words
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HUGH RANK’S MODEL
• INTENSIFY:
– REPETITION
– ASSOCIATION
– COMPOSITION
• DOWNPLAY:
– OMISSION
– DIVERSION
– CONFUSION
– (Eschholz 437-438)
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BILL LUTZ’S MODEL
• Weazel Words
– “Helps”
– Virtually Spotless
– New and Improved
– Acts Fast
– Works Like, Works Against, Works Longer
– Like Magic
– Up To
– Twice as Long
(Eschholz 442-452)
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!SHORT-ANSWER ESSAY (5 pts each)
• Contrast print information with WebSite information
• Explain how to advertise dangerous
product
• Explain the marketing of diet, health
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!!LONG-ANSWER ESSAY (15 pts each)
• Explain in detail the nature of taboo in
English, explain how taboos (e.g. political
correctness) change, and explain the
advantages and disadvantages of using
strong language (ethnic slurs, invective,
obscenity, sarcasm, swearing, etc.
• Explain the nature selective perception and
of slanting
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!!!PowerPoints to Review (5 pts
each)
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American Pop Language
Body Language
Business Language
Cultural Diversity
Gender Issues
Jewish Humor
Jules Feiffer and other Pulitzer Prize Winning Cartoonists
Lemony Snicket
Obscenity
Parody
Phonology
Rhetorical Devices vs. Errors
Spanish-American Contrastive Analysis
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Reference:
Eschholz, Paul, Alfred Rosa, and Virginia
Clark. Language Awareness: Readings for
College Writers 9th Edition. New York, NY:
Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005.
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