DNA Rep & Protein Syn
1928 – Griffith Transformation
Experiment
1941-Avery, McCarty, MacLeod
1952-Hershey & Chase
1952-Rosalind Franklin
1953-Watson & Crick
Chromosomes, DNA, and
Genes
DNA Structure
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Double Helix
Made of nucleotides
Pentose Sugar
(deoxyribose)
Phosphate
Nitrogenous Base
A-T / C-G
Nucleotide
Nitrogenous Bases
Base Pairing
DNA is AntiParallel
DNA is still AntiParallel
How?
Possible Models for DNA
Replication
Step 1
Step 2
DNA Replication Animation
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535
::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120076/micr
o04.swf::DNA%20Replication%20Fork
Think About It
If your DNA has 6 billion base pairs and generally there is
one mistake made for every 100,000bp that are copied during
replication, how many errors should result each time you
copied your DNA?
How many errors result in reality?
Why?
Protein Synthesis Overview
RNA Structure
Ribonucleic Acid
Single Strand of
nucleotides
Pentose Sugar (ribose)
Phosphate
Nitrogenous Base
A-U / C-G
RNA Nucleotide
3 Types of RNA
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Protein Synthesis
Step 1 – Transcription
Step 2 – Translation
Transcription
Definition
TATA Box
RNA Polymerase
DNA Terminator
5’ Cap
Poly – A Tail
TATA Box
Transcription Animation
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/cha
pter3/animation__mrna_synthesis__transcripti
on___quiz_2_.html
mRNA Processing
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter
16/animation_-_exon_shuffling.html
Translation
Definition
mRNA Codons
thedogbitthecatforfun
the dog bit the cat for fun
aug uuu cgc ggg cua aga uaa
tRNA
Ribosome
Codons
Codons
Translation Animation
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter3/animat
ion__how_translation_works.html
Protein Folding
Protein Processing
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter2/animat
ion__protein_denaturation.html
Gene Regulation
Repressible Operon – trp Operon
Inducible Operon – lac Operon
trp Operon
lac Operon
cAMP & lac Operon
lac Operon Animation
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/007337797x/student_view0/chapter13/anim
ation_quiz__combination_of_switches__the_lac_operon.html