What are these circles?
Energy levels
A region around
the nucleus of an
atom where an
electron is likely to
be moving.
Orbitals
Oribital Shape
s
sphere
Sub-orbital
1
# of e
2
p
dumbbell
3
6
d
clover-leaf
5
10
f
complex
7
14
• Your major task is to fill rooms in your hotel. The funny shape of your
hotel is to accommodate the habits of the hogs. The penthouse is on
the first floor and the less desirable rooms are on the top floor. You
must fill up your hotel keeping the following rules in mind:
1) Hogs are lazy!
2) Hogs can’t stand each other except when rule #1 forces the
to put up with each other.
3) If hogs are in the same room they will face in opposite directions.
4) They stink, so you can’t put more than two hogs in each room.
3rd floor _______ _______ _____
2nd floor ___________
1st floor ____________
Your hotel can hold 10hogs.
Book 15 hogs into their rooms
6th ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
5th floor ______ _____ ______
4th floor _______
3rd floor ______ _____ ______
2nd floor _________
1st floor __________
Important Definitions
• Principal Energy Levels – are assigned values
in order of increasing energy: n=1,2,3,4. The
greater the number the further away from the
nucleus. As you move closer to the nucleus the
energy of an electron decreases.
• Ground State – lowest energy state of an atom
• Atomic orbitals – orbitals have different shapes
and are denoted by s, p, d, f
Rules for filling oribitals
• Pauli Exclusion Principle – an orbital
may contain no more than two electrons.
• Aufbau Principle – electrons occupy the
lowest energy orbital available.
• Hund’s Rule – when you have several
orbitals of the same energy place one
electron in each orbital before doubling up.
Increasing energy
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f
6s 6p 6d
7s 7p
Electron “Hotel”
Yb
No
Er
Fm
Cf
Rg
Cm
Mt
Cu
Ag
Dy
Co
Rh
Gd
Ir
F
Cl
Mn
Br
Te
I
Sm
Re
At
Pu
Bh
Uus
N
P
V
As
Nb
Sb
Nd
Ta
Bi
U
Db
Uup
H
Li
B
Na
Al
K
Sc
Ga
Rb
Y
In
Cs
Ce
La
Ti
Fr
Th
Ac
Uut
He
Be
C
Mg
Si
Ca
Ti
Ge
Sr
Zr
Sn
Ba
Pr
Hf
Pb
Ra
Pa
Rf
Uuq
O
S
Cr
Se
Mo
Te
Pm
W
Po
Np
Sg
Uuh
Ne
Ar
Fe
Kr
Ru
Xe
Eu
Os
Rn
Am
Hs
Uuo
Ni
Pd
Tb
Pt
Bk
Ds
Zn
Cd
Ho
Hg
Es
Uub
Tm
f
Md
Lu
Lr