Chapter 3
The Ancient Israelites
Chapter 3, Section 1
The First Israelites
(Pages 80–85)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these
questions as you read:
• What did the Israelites believe?
• Where was the Promised Land of the Israelites, and how
did they return there?
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 3, Section 1 The First Israelites
Terms to Know
►monotheism:
belief in one god;
►tribe: a unit of society made up of
family groups;
►Torah: Jewish religious law;
►covenant: a formal agreement
Chapter 3, Section 1 The Promised Land
Terms to Know
►alphabet:
a group of letters that
stands for sounds
Chapter 3, Section 1 The First Israelites
People to Meet
►Abraham: the
father of the
Israelites;
►Jacob: grandson of Abraham and
father of the 12 tribes of Israel;
►Moses: man who led the Israelites
out of slavery in Egypt
Chapter 3, Section 1 The Promised Land
People to Meet
►Phoenicians:
group of Canaanites
who lived in cities along the
Mediterranean;
►Deborah: Israelite judge who
defeated King Jabin and his army
Class Notes & Discussion
The Early Israelites
► The
Israelites built a kingdom in Canaan, along
the Mediterranean Sea in southwest Asia, in 1000
B.C. Today, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan occupy
the land that was once Canaan.
► Israelites believed in one god. The belief in one
god is called monotheism.
► The Israelite faith became the religion of Judaism.
Judaism influenced Christianity and Islam and
helped shape the beliefs of European and
American societies.
The Early Israelites
The Early Israelites
► Israelites
spoke Hebrew and wrote their history
and beliefs in what later became the Hebrew
Bible.
► The Israelites believed they were descended from
a man named Abraham. The Israelites believed
God told Abraham to settle in Canaan and worship
the one true God.
► Abraham’s grandson, named Jacob, raised 12
sons in Canaan. Their families became the 12
tribes of Israel.
12 Tribes of Israel
The First Israelites
► After
100 years in Canaan, the Israelites suffered
a long drought. To survive, some Israelites went
to Egypt.
► The Egyptian pharaoh enslaved the Israelites. To
prevent the Israelites from rebelling, the pharaoh
ordered all baby boys to be thrown into the Nile
River. The pharaoh’s daughter found a baby boy
in a basket on the riverbank, and she named him
Moses.
Baby Moses
The First Israelites
►
When Moses grew up, he herded sheep in the hills outside
Egypt. In those hills, he saw a burning bush and heard a
voice. He believed it was God telling him to lead the
Israelites out of Egypt.
The Early Israelites
►
The Hebrew Bible says
that God sent 10 plagues
to trouble Egypt. The last
plague killed all the firstborn children, except for
those Israelites who
marked their doors with
lamb’s blood. The plague
convinced the pharaoh to
let the Israelites leave
Egypt.
The First Israelites
►
After the Israelites left, the
pharaoh changed his mind.
He sent soldiers after the
Israelites. The Hebrew
Bible says that God parted
the Red Sea, so the
Israelites could pass. The
water flowed back when
the soldiers tried to cross,
and they drowned.
The First Israelites
► On
the way back to
Canaan, Moses went
to the top of Mount
Sinai and received laws
from God. These laws
were known as the
Torah, which became
the first part of the
Hebrew Bible.
The First Israelites
► The
Ten Commandments – what God
believes to be right and wrong – are an
important part of the Torah. The Ten
Commandments helped form the basic
moral laws of many nations.
Chapter 3, Section 1 The First Israelites
►What
Sum It Up
covenant was described in the
Torah?
►The
Torah described God’s
agreement with the Jewish
people—his promise to return the
Israelites to Canaan if they
followed his laws.
Chapter 3, Section 1 The First Israelites
Reading Strategy
As you read pages 81–85 in your textbook, complete this
sequence chart to trace the movement of the Israelites.
Mesopotamia
Canaan
Canaan
Egypt
Sinai Desert
Chapter 3, Section 1 The Promised Land
Sum It Up
►Who
led the Israelites into
Canaan, and what city did they
conquer under his leadership?
Joshua led the Israelites into
Canaan. They conquered Jericho.
Chapter 3, Section 1
Section Wrap Up
What did the Israelites believe?
►The Israelites believed in one god
and followed the laws from the
Torah, including the Ten
Commandments.
Chapter 3, Section 1
Section Wrap Up
►Where
was the Promised Land of
the Israelites, and how did they
return there?
►The Israelites returned to Canaan,
their Promised Land, when God
delivered them from slavery in
Egypt.
Chapter 3
Section 2 – The Kingdom of Israel
Chapter 3, Section 2
The Kingdom of Israel
(Pages 86–92)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these
questions as you read:
• Why did the Israelites choose to follow kings
instead of judges?
• Who was King David and why was he
important?
• Why were the Israelites conquered?
Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel
Terms to Know
►prophet:
person who claims to
hear and speak words from God
Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel
People to Meet
►Philistines:
strongest people living
in Canaan; enemies of the
Israelites;
►Saul: Israel’s first king;
►David: shepherd chosen by God to
replace Saul as king
Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel
Academic Vocabulary
►instruct:
to teach, to direct
Class Notes & Discussion
Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel
Sum It Up
►Why
did the Israelites want a
king?
►The Israelites wanted a king to
unite and lead them against their
enemies, the Philistines.
Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon
Summarizing
As you read, complete the following sentences. Doing so will help
you summarize the section.
1. David defeated the giant Philistine named
______________
with a
Goliath
______________.
As David won more
slingshot
victories ______________
became
Saul
jealous and plotted to ______________
kill
David.
2. David took over the throne in about
______________,
when Saul and his sons
1000 B.C.
were ______________
in battle.
killed
Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon
Summarizing
3. David created an empire and established
the capital of ______________.
His son
Jerusalem
______________
built a great temple
Solomon
there.
4. When Solomon died, the 12 tribes broke
into two nations: ______________
and
Israel
______________.
Judah
Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon
Terms to Know
►empire:
a nation that rules several
other nations;
►tribute: money or enslaved
persons given to a stronger ruler;
►proverbs: wise sayings
Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon
Places to Locate
►Jerusalem:
the capital of Israel
established by David, later became
the capital of Judah;
►Judah: smaller kingdom that
broke away from Israel, founded
by two tribes in the south
Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon
Academic Vocabulary
►expand:
to make bigger;
►symbol: an image or object used to
represent something else
Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon
Sum It Up
►Why
did Solomon tax the people
so heavily?
Solomon taxed the people so heavily
in order to pay for the temple and
other buildings he built in
Jerusalem
Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time
Sequencing
►
As you read, place the following events in the correct order
by numbering them in the spaces provided.
____
3
The Egyptians conquer Judah
____
The Jews unite with the Egyptians to fight the
5
Chaldeans
____
6 King Nebuchadnezzar captures Jerusalem
1 The Assyrians conquer Israel and scatter the 10 tribes
____
7 Nebuchadnezzar takes the Jews into captivity in
____
Babylon
2 The Assyrians become known as Samaritans and
____
eventually worship Israel’s God
4 The Chaldeans conquer Egypt
____
Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time
People to Meet
►Nebuchadnezzar: Chaldean
king
who defeated Judah and captured
Israel
Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time
Academic Vocabulary
►route:
a road or way for travel
Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel
Reading Strategy
Location
Israel
Judah
Capital City
North
South
Date Conquered
772 B.C. 620 B.C.
Conquered By
Assyrians Egyptians
Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time
Sum It Up
►Why
did the Assyrians and
Chaldeans want to control the
land belonging to the Israelites?
The Assyrians and Chaldeans were
building their own empires in
southwest Asia. They wanted to
control trade routes that ran
through the Israelite kingdom.
Chapter 3, Section 2 Egypt’s Old Kingdom
Section Wrap-Up
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the
questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading
at the beginning of the lesson.
Why did the Israelites choose to follow
kings instead of judges?
►Israelites choose to follow kings
instead of judges because they wanted a
strong leader to unify them and protect
them from their enemies.
Chapter 3, Section 2 Egypt’s Old Kingdom
Section Wrap-Up
Who was King David and why was he
important?
►King David is considered the greatest
king of Israel. He conquered
neighboring nations, created an empire,
and established the capital of
Jerusalem.
Chapter 3, Section 2 Egypt’s Old Kingdom
Section Wrap-Up
Why were the Israelites conquered?
►The powerful Assyrians and
Chaldeans threatened the weakened
Israelites. They wanted to control
the trade routes through Israel. The
Israelites were conquered by the
Assyrians in 722 B.C.
Chapter 3
Section 3 – The Growth of
Judaism
Chapter 3, Section 3
The Growth of Judaism
(Pages 93–102)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think
about these questions as you read:
• How did Judaism grow in the period
following their exile?
• Why did the Romans destroy the
temple and exile the Jews?
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Growth of Judaism
Reading Strategy
As you read page 96 in your textbook, complete this
diagram to describe the Maccabees.
Led by priest named Judas Maccabeus
Rebelled against Antiochus and fled
Formed an army called the Maccabees
Drove the Greeks out of Judah and destroyed
all traces of Greek gods in their temple
Restored their temple to worship of their God
Remembered in the celebration of Hanukkah
Became new ruler of Judah
Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return
Outlining
I. Why Did Jews Return to Judah?
The Persian king Cyrus allowed
A. ___________________________
the Jews to return to Judah.
B. ____________________________
Persians controlled the government,
so Jews looked to their religion for
leadership.
Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return
Outlining
II. What Is in the Hebrew Bible?
Thirty-nine books including
A. ___________________________
Jewish history and the Torah.
B.____________________________
The Jews believed that God had a
special role for them in history.
Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return
Outlining
III. The Jews Look to the Future
The Bible describes God’s plans
A. ___________________________
for a peaceful future.
B. ____________________________
The Jews believed that good would
ultimately triumph over evil.
Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return
Terms to Know
►exile:
forced removal from a
native country;
►Sabbath: weekly day of worship
and rest;
►synagogue: Jewish place of
worship
Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return
Places to Locate
►Babylon:
Jews
the land of exile for the
Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return
Academic Vocabulary
►series:
objects or events that come
one after the other;
►symbol: an image or object used to
represent something else
Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return
Terms to Review
►Scribe:
A Jewish scribe named
Ezra helped write the first five
books of the Torah.
Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return
Sum It Up
Who allowed the Jews to return to
Judah?
Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to
Judah.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks
Questioning
► As
you read, write three questions about the
main ideas presented in the text. After you
have finished reading, write the answers to
these questions.
► Student questions should be based on the main
ideas in the text, including the influence of the
Greeks on the Jews, the Diaspora, the
Maccabees, and Hanukkah.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks
Terms to Know
►Diaspora:
term referring to the
scattered people of Israel
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks
People to Meet
►Judas
Maccabeus: priest who led
the rebellion against Antiochus and
the new ruler of Judah
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks
Academic Vocabulary
►version:
translation from another
language;
►trace: visible evidence
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks
Sum It Up
How did Alexander the Great affect the
Israelites?
► Alexander the Great introduced the
Israelites to Greek language and
culture. Jews who learned Greek
translated the Hebrew Bible. This
helped people who were not Jews
understand Jewish history and ideas.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life
Determining the Main Idea
Jewish law set out rules for living
Jews placed great importance on family
Jews followed strict dietary laws
Education was very important, including
religious education for boys
Jewish law forbade mixing some fabrics
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life
Academic Vocabulary
►affect:
to cause a change or have
an impact on;
►community: a group of people
living in the same place
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life
Sum It Up
Why were sons especially valued in
Jewish society?
►
Sons were especially valued in
Jewish society because they
carried on the family name and
became head of the family upon
the father’s death.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
Monitoring Comprehension
1. What did Herod do as king?
►Herod was cruel. He made the
temple very grand, ruled when
Jesus was born, and he allowed
Jewish rulers to run Judah.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
Monitoring Comprehension
2. Why were the Jews unable to
regain control over their Roman
rulers?
►The Jews were unable to regain
control over their Roman rulers
because they were splintered into
different groups.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
Monitoring Comprehension
3. Who were the Pharisees?
►The Pharisees taught the Torah
and how to apply it to daily life.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
Monitoring Comprehension
4. Who were the Sadducees?
►The Sadducees were priests and
scribes concerned with the law in
the Temple.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
Monitoring Comprehension
5. Who were the Essenes?
►The Essenes were priests who
broke away from the temple and
lived in the desert praying for
God’s deliverance.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
Monitoring Comprehension
6. What were the cause and results
of the Jewish revolts?
►Jewish hatred of the Romans led
to the revolts. The revolts led to
the death of thousands, the
destruction of the temple, and
exile. The Romans renamed Judah
Palestine.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
Monitoring Comprehension
7. What role did rabbis play in
Jewish society?
►Rabbis were teachers of the Torah
who held an important place in
Jewish society. They developed
the Talmud to pass on teachings
about the Torah.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
Terms to Know
►messiah:
a deliverer sent by God;
►rabbi: teacher of Jewish law
►Talmud: the combined teachings
of the Torah
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
People to Meet
►Herod:
Roman king who ruled over
Judaea;
►Zealots: Jews who wanted to fight the
Romans for their freedom;
►Johanan ben Zakkai: Jewish rabbi
who founded a school in northern
Palestine that became a center of
Torah studies
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
Academic Vocabulary
►expand:
to make bigger;
►despite: in spite of
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans
Sum It Up
►How
did the Roman conquest
affect the Jews?
►Ultimately,
the Roman conquest
resulted in loss of Jewish lives, as
well as their homeland and temple.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Growth of Judaism
Section Wrap-Up
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to
the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose
for Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
How did Judaism grow in the period
following their exile?
►
Jews who were scattered to other
lands learned Greek and translated
their Bible so that other people
could learn about Jewish ideas.
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Growth of Judaism
Section Wrap-Up
Why did the Romans destroy the
temple and exile the Jews?
The Romans destroyed the temple
and exiled the Jews to crush the
Jews spirit and prevent further
uprising.